Critical Perspectives on International Business Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Critical Perspectives on International Business Ethics. Answer: Introduction Business ethics refer to an applied form of ethics, which identify the ethical principles and ethical problems. It arises in the business environment. It can be applied to all business conduct aspects and also relevant to the individual conduct and whole organization. On the other hand, phronetic planning research is the phenomena, which is based on contemporary interpretation of planning. However, coltan is a mineral, which is black and tar like mineral (Ayres 2012). The good or bad effect of coltan on human being is discussed in the assignment. Coltan is used in mobile phones, laptops, pagers and computers as it has high electric capacitors. Congo is the possessor of coltan. It is notable that 80% coltan is gained from Congo (Bleischwitz, Dittrich and Pierdicca 2012). During refining the coltan, it transforms into heat resistant powder, which can hold huge electric charge. However, it has bad effects also due to its conflict. After the transformation of coltan, it is sold to big multinational companies to make electronic gadgets (Arimatsu, Louise, and Hemi Mistry 2012). The discussion focuses on the coltan fact of conflict minerals, which includes various factors. The discussion is about the situation of multinational corporations, who use coltan in business in light of new business ethics. It is based on the phronetic inquiry and implies on the informed action, which forms intellectual virtues. Phronesis helps to think about the considered business ethics. The study helps to keep phonetic actions and perspectives. Analytic analysis of conflict of Coltan The discussion analyses analytically the situation of the multinational companies, which are using coltan to make electronic gadgets and also help to understand the business ethics. For the last decades, many people died due to the brutal conflict of coltan. The people of Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Colombia and Democratic Republic of Congo are mainly affected. It is necessary to know the good and bad effects of using coltan in the electronic devices. However, the multinational companies like Nokia, IBM, Motorola, Alcatel, Compaq, Dell, Sony, Hewlett Packard and Ericsson use coltan in their products in very large amount, which may be harmful for the customers. According to Hark et al. (2012), the conflict may be of various types like geographical conflict, armed conflict, human rights violation and industrial conflict. However, there are exogenous and endogenous efforts to combat the conflict minerals. Priority of particular 80% coltan of the world are used in the mobile phones, game consoles, computer chips and wireless devices that come from Congo. The eastern area of Congo is known as conltan belt (Jennings 2014). From this area, the coltan is achieved more. However, in last decades, conflict of coltan was the cause of many peoples death. Mainly, the people who collect the coltan from the mine, are in risk zone. Coltan is a very powerful mineral that has huge capacity to hold energy and electrons. For this reason, it is very precious material and the cause of war (flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk 2017). However, the refined coltan is used in the production of electronic goods. During the refining process, many people has died due to conflict. Approximately 5.4 million people died due to the conflict of coltan. According to Bleischwitz, Dittrich and Pierdicca (2012), this incident of death comes in the view of people due to huge use of coltan in electronic gadgets. The poor people, who have to refine the coltan, are the loser as it is very risky. On the other hand, multinational corporations are the gainer as they are gaining money by using coltan in their products. One negative point of mining in DRC is the bad environmental impact (Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017). This impact involves deforestation limitation, contamination of water and degradation of land. The government of Congo unregulated the deforestation in Eastern Congo. However, there is no such regulation for the land degradation. Coltan develops the energy power of electronic devices, which benefits the customers also. Jennings (2014) argued that as coltan holds high energy, long time use of devices that are made of coltan, can harm the users also. Another gainer is the people who are involved in the transport of coltan. People, who supply refined coltan to the multinational organizations, are making lots of money. At the time of war, militaries were also interested in refining coltan. Democratic Republic of Congo is the main place of coltan mining. Ayres (2012) mentioned that it is impossible for the customers to know that the product, they are using, are made of coltan. However, with the coltan, Congo is the source of wolframite and cassiterite also. The people who are involved in the refinng process of coltan, do not know about the other minerals. According to Maystadt, De Luca, Sekeris and Ulimwengu (2014), the dignitaries, war inventor and commanders are also enlisted in the gainer list. The main reason of war was the greed of the powerful people to achieve more profit. Not only the adult people of Congo but also the children participate in the refining process. Matthysen and Andrs Zaragoza Montejano (2013) suggested that consumers should use the electronic devices very carefully to avoid the conflict, which is fatal. Mining of coltan needs large amount of water therefore the location of mining is mainly situated near the water sources, which causes contamination of water. Coltan mining depletes the resources of water and the environment, which exploiting necessary natural elements (Delawala 2012). Planning of the research The multinational companies, which are using coltan in their products, should know the harmful effects of coltan. Conflict of coltan can affect the business of the multinational companies. However, the companies are making very much profit by using coltan and have various advantages in the global market ("In Focus: Congo's Bloody Coltan". 2017). Customers like devices of high speed and this is the main reason of using coltan in mobile phones, laptops and computers. However, the use of coltan can conflict with the business of the multinational organizations. The multinational corporations should maintain the customer loyalty to maintain the business ethics. However, the multinational corporations are deeply involved in the conflict and explosion of coltan in DCR and Congo. Foreign forces and rebels mined coltan and sell it to the multinational companies. However, Carpenter (2012) opined that multinational corporations are not directly guilty for the exploitation rather the companies a re the server engine of the conflict in Congo. By using the coltan in devices, the companies are breaking the ethics of business. The companies should not use such materials for gaining profit. Moreover, taking or giving money to the foreign government for the development and wellbeing of company is unauthentic. The multinational companies should maintain the loyalty of employees to make the management strong. The market of coltan is growing faster as the multinational companies are using this. Coltan of Congo is of high quality and the main source of tantalum in the international market ("In Focus: Congo's Bloody Coltan". 2017). It is necessary to research that the use of coltan in mobile phones, laptops and computers are safe or not and how much safe they are for the consumers. However, Maystadt, De Luca, Sekeris and Ulimwengu (2014) mentioned that it is unethical to use coltan in those devices. Many people died due to burst of mobile phones and laptops. Therefore devices, which are made up of coltan, are not safe. Negative con sequence of mining of minerals like coltan, has the negative surrounding impact. The negative impact involves but is not limited for deforesting, land degradation, water contamination and pollution. Some corporations work globally to combat the conflict of coltan in DRC and the repercussions. However, the developed countries conflict between themselves to obtain coltan ("Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017). Efforts of combat have very much importance at local level, which cannot be exaggerated. Global pressure and intervention help to raise awareness and work to stop the usage of conflict minerals. However, if the local initiatives do not follow the awareness then the global efforts provide insufficient and shorter gain of their goals. Human rights are conflicted due to the exploitation of coltan mining. The rebels force the women and children to work in the mining of coltan ("What We Do | War Child". 2017). They harass the population by torturing, forced evi ction and raping. Desired development of Coltan To develop the situation and mortality, the multinational companies and the powerful administration should avoid the usage of coltan (Hoffman 2017). The multinational corporations should have the responsibilities to maintain the supply chain and operation system with precious and rare material like coltan. The multinational corporations can avoid the use of coltan and find other minerals to use in devices so that the harm can be avoided. In Congo, coltan is mined on daily basis. People in Congo, who are appointed for the mining are facing various health injuries and face death. Due to brutal civil war of Congo raised the demand of coltan. Forum, James (2017) opined that in Congo, use of children in mining is fatal. The children are forced to work in the difficult areas and perform difficult works because of poor financial status ("What We Do | War Child". 2017). The family members forced them to drop study and join with them for money. The powerful foreign authorities supply huge amo unt of money to the local rebels and therefore the accidents happen. The livelihoods of many families depend on the mining of coltan. Usanov et al. (2013) suggested that coltan can be used in good works instead of making electronic devices such as in health and social care. Coltan can be used in making pacemaker and airbag protection material in cars. However, the foreign authorities sell the coltan to the electronic device making companies only to make high power electronic devices. Mining of coltan destroys the environmental properties, which are the main conflict in business ethics. According to Delawala (2012), business ethis has relation with the wellbeing of environment. Mining of coltan pollutes the environment by producing mercury. Mercury can affect the human being and the population. However, the extract of coltan mining does not contaminate soil directly and therefore the effects of coltan on the crops are less. Various nations engaged in conflict to achieve coltan to be the leading nation in the electronic device market. The main reason of the war was not the coltan but the desire of being first nation ("Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017). Rational decision making to reduce risk of coltan use While analysing the rational for use of coltan in business, the rational decision making in business will be decided by the following questions: Where are we heading with the planning and use of Coltan? Who gains and who loses from the production of Coltan? Whether the development is desirable and what needs to be done about it? (Flyvbjerg 2014) On analysis of the conflicts arising with use of Coltan by multinational companies, it is necessary to carry out risk-benefit analysis and save the public from the future adverse effect in place of thinking of short-term profits in business. This is important because maintaining ethics and morality in business is also a part of corporate social responsibility (Weiss 2014). Coltan has been increasingly used in mobile phones and as 80% of Coltan is being produced in Congo, the region is going through a civil war. The conflicts arising from Coltan business is mainly occurring due to increase in corruption and child labour in mining industry. The UN reports states that Rwanda is also making profit by selling Coltan although there is no Coltan mine in Rwanda (Ayres 2014). Due to this quest for money from the selling Coltan, business and large corporation is expanding their business but the ultimate losers are the families and villagers in Coltan mining areas. Over millions of people have died due to the Coltan conflict and families have been massacred. Considering this impact on lives of people, business ethics demands review of power and values to changes the current trend in production and supplies of Coltan. Business ethics is needed for the creation of moral standards and practices in business environment. In case of Coltan production, it has been found that the money generated from the sale of new weapons has further lead to expenditure in weapons which has created a vicious circle of human losses due to Coltan production. Apart from affect on lives of people and families, the mining of Coltan has lead to loss of National Park and wild life. So far the greed for political power and wealth has only lead to increase in Coltan production and no action has been taken to protect the environment and lives of people (Hoffman 2017). The business of Coltan has made Congo a place of conflict, brutality and exploitation. The mishandling of immense revenues generated from exploitation of natural resources has devastated millions of lives. As part of business ethics, it is necessary to evaluate measures that can prevent corruption and conflict due to Coltan mining. Attention of government and NGOs is required to prevent to control coltan trade and business (Bleischwitz, Dittrich and Pierdicca 2012). Business entities have the role in being accountable to protect loss of natural resource and human lives due to its business. Apart from this, strict mining legislation is required by government to regulate mining practices and conditions at Congo (Forum 2017). This approach of business ethics can help to eliminate terror and corruption due to Coltan trade. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that coltan is harmful for health. It is mainly found in Congo and Africa. coltan business has made conflict with the brutality and exploitation. The immense mishandling revenues generated from the natural resources exploitation. Coltan exploitation is the cause of death of many people. Government has paid attention to save the natural resources. The NGOs also are trying to develop the wellbeing of the people who lives near the coltan mining area. During mining of coltan, mercury is produced. Mercury affects the nervous system and health of the people mainly the children. The children cannot tolerate the harmful toxicity of mining and as a result deaths happen. Different nations are conflicting to achieve the coltan as it is very precious and harmful. The dealers of coltan are the main gainer and the management of multinational companies who are using coltan in their products are also gainer. The mobile phones, computer, laptops and other electronic devices are the main thing, in which coltan is used. Except using coltan in electronic devices, it is better to use the coltan in the health and social care to make the medical devices. The women and children are joining in the work of mining due to poverty, which should be avoided. The foreign dealers and handlers forces and tortures mercilessly the women and children for working in the mining. The conflict should be decreased for the improvement of the life of the local people and natural resources. Bibliography "Conflict Minerals | Global Witness | Global Witness". 2017. Global Witness. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/conflict-minerals/?gclid=Cj0KEQjwncO7BRC06snzrdSJyKEBEiQAsUaRjFTEvb0wkdcJ8oHJNeL1Wet_VW8Fx9pMqN_AQzEtpZQaArQj8P8HAQ%20-%20more#more. "In Focus: Congo's Bloody Coltan". 2017. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OWj1ZGn4uM. "What We Do | War Child". 2017. Warchild.Org.Uk. https://www.warchild.org.uk/what-we-do. Arimatsu, Louise, and Hemi Mistry.Conflict Minerals: The Search for a Normative Framework. Chatham House, 2012. Ayres, C.J.,. The international trade in conflict minerals: coltan.critical perspectives on international business,8(2), pp.178-193, 2012. Ayres, Christopher J. "The international trade in conflict minerals: coltan."critical perspectives on international business8, no. 2 (2012): 178-193. Bleischwitz, R., Dittrich, M. and Pierdicca, C., Coltan from Central Africa, international trade and implications for any certification.Resources Policy,37(1), pp.19-29, 2012. Carpenter, Louisa.Conflict Minerals in the Congo: Blood Minerals and Africas Under-Reported First World War. Technical Report, 2012. Carpenter, Louisa.Conflict Minerals in the Congo: Blood Minerals and Africas Under-Reported First World War. Technical Report, 2012. Delawala, I.,. What is coltan.ABC News, 2012. Flyvbjerg, Bent. "Phronetic planning research: Theoretical and methodological reflections."Planning Theory Practice5, no. 3 (2004): 283-306. flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk , 2017. https://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/PhronPlan7.1PUBL.pdf. Forum, James. 2017. "The Resource Curse Revised: Conflict And Coltan In The Congo".Globalpolicy.Org. https://www.globalpolicy.org/the-dark-side-of-natural-resources-st/water-in-conflict/40150.html. Hark, R.R., Remus, J.J., East, L.J., Harmon, R.S., Wise, M.A., Tansi, B.M., Shughrue, K.M., Dunsin, K.S. and Liu, C., Geographical analysis of conflict minerals utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,74, pp.131-136, 2012. Hofmann, Hannes, Martin C. Schleper, and Constantin Blome. "Conflict minerals and supply chain due diligence: an exploratory study of multi-tier supply chains."Journal of Business Ethics(2015): 1-27. Jennings, Marianne M.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning, 2014. Matthysen, Ken, and Andrs Zaragoza Montejano. "Conflict Minerals initiatives in DR Congo: Perceptions of local mining communities."Antwerp: International Peace Information Service, 2013. Maystadt, J.F., De Luca, G., Sekeris, P.G. and Ulimwengu, J.,. Mineral resources and conflicts in DRC: a case of ecological fallacy?.Oxford Economic Papers,66(3), pp.721-749, 2014. Usanov, A., de Ridder, M., Auping, W., Lingemann, S., Espinoza, L.T., Ericsson, M., Farooki, M., Sievers, H. and Liedtke, M.,.Coltan, Congo and Conflict. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, 2013. Weiss, Joseph W.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2014.

Life Without Gravity Essay Example For Students

Life Without Gravity Essay Gravity is really an unknown force. Wecan define it as a field of influence, andthat it effects the entire existence of theuniverse. Some people think that gravityconsists of particles called gravitons,which travel at the speed of light. Theonly thing we do know is how gravityoperates in different parts of our universe. Without gravity, there would be no spaceand time. There is a legend that says that Galileoonce dropped two objects off the LeaningTower of Pisa to show that the heavier ofthe two objectsdropped faster. If a feather and hammerwere the two objects he used thenobviously the hammer would hit theground first. This is due to air resistance,which is the force air exerts on a movingobject. This force acts in the oppositedirection to that of the objects motion. Inthe case of a falling object, air resistancepushes up as gravity pulls down, whichcauses the object to slow down. WhenGalileos experiment was repeated on themoon, the hammer and the feather hit theground at the exact same time. This is dueto the fact that the moon has no atmosphere. Therefore, air resistance doesnt exist onthe moon. Also, the amount of airresistance on an object depends on thespeed, size, shape, and density of theobject. The larger the surface area of theobject, the greater the amount of airresistance on it. This is why feathers,leaves, and sheets of paper fall moreslowly than pennies, acorns, andcrumpled balls of paper. There is another legend that states thatwhen Newton was lying against a tree inan orchard, he was struck on the head byan apple. He wondered what provided theacceleration for the apple to fall to theground. Was this a force of the earth onthe apple? If so, then the apple must exerta force on the earth according toNewtons law of action/reaction forces. Newton applied this theory unto theplanets, which orbit the sun. He found bystudying astronomical data, that the forcethat held the earth in orbit around the sunwas the same force that drew the appletoward the earth. This was theforce of gravity that is given by this scaryformula:F = Gm1*Gm2gravity _______r^2F equals the force in Newtons, G equalsthe gravitational constant which is 6.67 *10^-11 Nm^2 | kg^2, m1 and m2 equalthe mass of each body in kilograms, andfinally, r equals the distance between the2 bodies in meters. If all of this is confusing, I feel your pain,because it took me a long time to get thisall down!Another concept that is important tounderstand is terminal velocity. Terminalvelocity is the highest velocity that will bereached by a falling object. As an objectfalls through air, air resistance graduallyincreases until it balances the pull ofgravity. According to the law of inertia,when the forces acting on an object arebalanced, the motion of the object will notchange. When this happens, the fallingobject will stop accelerating. It willcontinue to fall, but at a constant, finalvelocity. Newtons laws of motion and law ofgravitation can be used to explain theforces, position and motion of all objectsin the universe. A simpleanalogy of how gravity controls themotion of a planet around the Sun can beshown by a mass on the end of a stringbeing spun around in a horizontal plane at constant speed. The ball hasconstant speed but the direction is alwayschanging so according to the definition ofvelocity the object must be undergoing aconstant acceleration. According toNewtons second law, for a mass to beaccelerating, it must have a resulting forceacting upon it. The question is: Wheredoes this force come?The forces involved can be examined byconsidering what happens when the stringbreaks. .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a , .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .postImageUrl , .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a , .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:hover , .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:visited , .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:active { border:0!important; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:active , .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3ff6f8898db72c80459a7e45207d54a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 6 elements to a contract EssayWhen the string breaks the mass is nolonger constrained to travel in its circularorbit and moved off in the direction asshown. This indicates that there must be aforce holding the mass in its circular orbit. It is directed towards the center of thecircle and is called the centripetal force. The centripetal force has a resultingcentripetal acceleration. The thing is, youcan extend all of these concepts, andapply them onto the objects like the sun,moon, planets, and even entire galaxies. The gravitational force of the sun, actingon the earth, keeps the earth in its orbit,preventing it from traveling away intointerstellar space. The gravitational forceof the earth, acting on us, holds us to theearths surface. The gravitationalattraction between a person and the earth is proportional the personsmass and inversely proportional to thesquare of the planets radius (distancefrom the person to the center). Thisnumber for gravitational attraction iscalled your weight. Every planet has mass and so everyplanet exerts a gravitational force onnearby objects. We say that planets havegravity. However, what we really mean isthat there is a gravitational force ofattraction between the planet and a personstanding on the planets surface. Thisforce depends on the visitors mass, theplanets mass, and the planets radius. Accordingly, people have differentweights on different planets. For example, a person on the moonweighs only about 1/6 as much as onearth. The moons radius is 25% earthsradius and the moons mass is 8% ofearths mass. So, if a student weighs 150pounds on earth, they would weigh only(1/6) * 150 pounds, which equals 25pounds, on the moon. Gravity does more than just keepingplanets orbiting the sun and causingpeople to have weight, gravity also causestides. In simple terms, the tides are caused by the gravitational attractionbetween the moon and earths oceansAND by the motion of earth throughouter space. Einstein predicted gravitational waves. They are best understood in comparisonwith electromagnetic waves, which werepredicted by Maxwell in 1864 anddiscovered by Hertz 22 years later. Hertz discovers electromagnetic waves in1886. Electromagnetic waves are wavesof electricity. They give us our sense ofvision with which to see the universe. Gravitational waves are waves of gravity. They are vibrations of space itself. Theytravel through space at the speed of light,but are more like sound than light. Hertz discovery set the foundation forthe electronic revolution of the twentiethcentury. Electromagnetic waves not onlyrevolutionized our lives, but also ourknowledge of the universe. Astronomersgradually opened the electromagneticspectrum, first using visible light and thenradio, x-rays and gamma rays. Each newpart of the spectrum provided us withdramatic new insights into the universe. Einstein predicted gravitational waves in1916. They have not yet been directlydetected on earth, although astronomersJoe Taylor and Russell Hulse received the1993 Nobel Prize for proof of theirexistence, by showing that a star system is losing energy by producinggravitational waves. Gravitational waves are a completely newspectrum. If electromagnetic waves let ussee the universe, gravitational waves willlet us hear the universe. They will provideus with a new sense, the sense of hearing,with which to explore the universe. Gravity is a very complicated subject, butscientists are learning more and moreabout it as time goes on. Contributionsfrom people such as Newton and Einsteinhelped shape the way we see thingstoday. Without them, no telling what kindof misconceptions we all might believe intoday.

The art of characterization in Julius Caesar Essays - Cassii

The art of characterization. JC Drama is concerned with the unfolding of characters and Shakespeare has constantly sought the most effective means to dramatize characters on stage. William Shakespeare?s art of characterization is one of the most distinctive features of the play, Julius Caesar. In this tragic and historic play, Shakespeare presents an imposing number of characters but the prime focus is always directed to those he wishes to highlight. The play Julius Caesar is a dramatization of the Roman historic events that revolves around the tragic death of Julius Caesar, and its consequences. Thus, characters in the play consist of people ranging from politically important members- those in the highest echelon, to their wives and servants, from the tribunes to the soldiers, the commoners in the Roman Society back then. The role of every character in the play fascinates the audience to the very end of the play, giving a great dramatic effect. The playwright has shown a great variety of human traits and outlooks that are possessed by these characters. The roles of both- the Chief and subordinate characters in the play, hold equal importance in driving the play ahead and entertaining the audience. But of course, the author has showed a conspicuous difference between the character development of each (chief or subordinate). The audience or readers may find the main characters more developed, since the plot revolves around th em. In the Scene I, Act I, the characters in play are the ones which do not appear again in the whole play. Shakespeare has used these characters to introduce the main characters of the play, particularly the eponymous character, Julius Caesar, who is introduced by a Cobbler. The dialogues between the Plebeians and the two annoyed Tribunes reveal the tension between these two sections of the Roman Society, at the very outset of the play. Thus Shakespeare shows characters having different loyalties and allegiances (most importantly- to Pompey or to Caesar). To absorb the attentiveness of the audience, and to keep it going, the playwright has given the characters in the Scene I, (especially, the commoners,) an ironic spirit of comedy. This offends the tribunes, which is when; the author makes use of influential oratory on the part of the Tribunes, to sway the crowd. The plebeians also get influenced, which reveals their fickle-mindedness. As the play progresses, the temperament of each of the characters comes into focus. The technique used by Shakespeare to characterize, follows a number of principal rules such as distinctiveness, contrast, consistence, effectiveness. Every Character is represented according to his distinctive features. Ambitious Caesar, Idealistic and Patriotic Brutus, Envious and Malcontented Cassius, Submissive women (Portia and Calpurnia), fickle-minded and changeable mob etc, and their influence on the whole action of the play is prominent. The character of Julius Caesar occupies a very significant place in the play, since. The playwright has made his character a very unique one. Caesar?s greatness and military genius in commended by the plebeians and is also secretly feared by all the rest. Through dialogues, monologues and soliloquies, Shakespeare not only reveals more about the people the character is speaking about, but also about the character itself. For e.g. When Cassius vents his rage against Caesar, he observes his ?lean and hungry look? and suspects danger (-his dialogue with Antony after returning from the games). Thus, Caesar has been devised as being a very astute judge of character. Shakespeare has endowed Caesar with a haughty attitude and excessive ambition, and also made him aware of his human psychological and physical vulnerability, for eg, him believing in superstitions and him having an attack of epilepsy. Which is why, often, Caesar is seen to be self-conscious, struggling between his pride an d his fear. His apprehension of being thought as a coward, paves the way for his arrogant and ruddy behavior. This however, is his character flaw which brings about his death at the hands of the conspirators. Antony is portrayed as one of Caesar?s favorites in the play. At first, Shakespeare shows Antony as a relaxed and jovial character. But we see a very important change in his role post Caesar?s death. This character is shown to be a mastermind, when he uses

Why Should You Use Student Samples For FSA Argumentative Essay?

Why Should You Use Student Samples For FSA Argumentative Essay?Student samples for FSA argumentative essay can help students learn better when writing a paper. It is also great for preparing students to write for examinations in their subjects. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate why you believe the government's case against the firm in an argumentative manner.To make the government's argument easy to understand, you need to remember that they have taken extreme measures to collect and assemble evidence to support their case. You will also be in a position to apply logical thinking skills to the arguments.Writing a FSA argumentative essay is not easy and it requires that you ensure that you do not over-complicate your essay. You should use general information, quotes and facts carefully in your essay. If you are to provide more detail, you may not want to go beyond the point where your audience can clearly see and understand the argument. An example of this could be the use o f too many figures or a large block of text in your argument.When composing your argument, you should be careful about using vocabulary and legal terms that you would not be able to use in everyday speech. For example, if you are trying to discuss corporate law, you should be aware that common words like lawsuit, domain name and contract will not be readily understood by students. It is important that your students write an argument based on knowledge alone. The aim is to leave them with ideas and information and not leave them with knowing nothing.Once you have been able to establish a particular point of view, you will have to put forward a rebuttal that will get your students thinking. You should be sure that your article is geared towards persuading the reader that your points are correct and give them reasonable grounds to support their point of view.Writing a FSA argumentative essay will need an investment of time and effort. However, the investment will pay off in the long ru n. Students who make use of student samples for FSA argumentative essay find that their grades do not suffer as much as if they had not written any actual argument.They are able to find more useful ways of delivering their arguments. Even if you do not make use of student samples for FSA argumentative essay, you should still be able to master the basic techniques of effective argumentative writing. You can find teacher resources online that can teach you the basics of argumentative writing.Your full length work or exam is dependent on how well you perform. A good essay is a surefire way of helping you score higher on exams. Writing a FSA argumentative essay is an essential part of achieving a successful argument.

Howard Aiken, Grace Hopper and the Mark I Computer

Howard Aiken, Grace Hopper and the Mark I Computer Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper designed the MARK series of computers at Harvard University beginning in 1944.   The Mark I   The MARK computers began with the Mark I. Imagine a giant room full of noisy, clicking metal parts, 55 feet long and eight feet high. The five-ton device contained almost 760,000 separate pieces. Used by the U.S. Navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations, the Mark I was in operation until 1959. The computer was controlled by pre-punched paper tape, and it could carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication and division functions. It could refer to previous results and had special subroutines for logarithms and trigonometric functions. It used 23 decimal place numbers. Data was stored and counted mechanically using 3,000 decimal storage wheels, 1,400 rotary dial switches and 500 miles of wire. Its electromagnetic relays classified the machine as a relay computer. All output was displayed on an electric typewriter. By todays standards, the Mark I was slow, requiring three to five seconds to accomplish a multiplication operation. Howard Aiken   Howard Aiken was born in Hoboken, New Jersey in March 1900. He was an electrical engineer and physicist who first conceived of an electro-mechanical device like the Mark I in 1937. After completing his doctorate at Harvard in 1939, Aiken stayed on to continue the computers development. IBM funded his research. Aiken headed a team of three engineers, including Grace Hopper. The Mark I was completed in 1944. Aiken completed the Mark II, an electronic computer, in 1947. He founded the Harvard Computation Laboratory that same year. He published numerous articles on electronics and switching theories and ultimately launched Aiken Industries.   Aiken loved computers, but even he had no idea of their eventual widespread appeal. Only six electronic digital computers would be required to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States, he said in 1947. Aiken died in 1973 in St, Louis, Missouri.   Grace Hopper   Born in December 1906 in New York, Grace Hopper studied at Vassar College and Yale before she joined the Naval Reserve in 1943. In 1944, she started working with Aiken on the Harvard Mark I computer. One of Hoppers lesser-known claims to fame is that she was responsible for coining the term bug  to describe a computer fault. The original bug was a moth that caused a hardware fault in the Mark I. Hopper got rid of it and fixed the problem and was the first person to debug a computer.   She began research for the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1949  where she designed an improved compiler and was part of the team which developed Flow-Matic, the first English-language data processing compiler. She invented the language APT and verified the language COBOL.   Hopper was the first computer science Man of the Year in 1969, and she received the National Medal of Technology in 1991. She died a year later, in 1992, in Arlington, Virginia.

Cancer and Nutrition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cancer and Nutrition - Research Paper Example A variety of fruits and vegetables need to be added to once diet and it is good to select these fruits and vegetables based on different color. Different phytonutrients are present in fruits and vegetable with different color and a variety based on this criterion would be easy for identification by a layman. A diet that has high fiber food such as whole wheat, a balanced ratio of omega 3 and omega 6 fats, antioxidants and phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables, such as ? & ?-carotene, ?-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and other nutrients can aid in prevention of different types of cancers. This paper focuses on the role of nutrition in prevention of cancer and recurrence in those undergoing treatment for cancer. Cancer and Nutrition Introduction Cancer has always been a dreaded disease that I have ever come across in my life. There are many who have cancer and unfortunately, in many cases, it is because of ignoring some of the basic aspects of life such as good nutr ition. I have seen people suffer and die of this disease. My grandfather died of bone cancer and my mother has had thyroid cancer. Today, though there are easy methods of detecting and good treatments available, I believe that it is better to prevent cancer rather than look for treatments after having it. Over the years I have been keen to find natural methods to prevent cancer and nutrition is one of the prime subjects that I have come across. This paper highlights the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing cancer and also looks into the role of balanced nutrition in the recovery phase among the survivors of cancer. Hippocrates (460-377 BC) stated that â€Å"†¦.let food be your medicine and medicine be your food†. Today, after several centuries I would like to believe that what goes into the body as food mainly determines the health of a person. Though environment and other exposures may be reasons for a disease, a healthy person will be able to withstand advers e circumstances. Therefore, if nutrition has to take care of us, then what kind of nutrition is best for preventing diseases such as cancer? Researchers suggest that a plant based diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes are the best for cancer prevention (Mahtani, 2010a, para. 1). It is estimated that about one third of all cancers are due to poor nutrition. The use of tobacco is another major reason for additional one third cancers and if these two factors are controlled many people can be protected from this dreaded disease. Understanding the basic fact that a healthy diet plan together with regular exercise, a check on the body weight and avoiding tobacco and alcohol are some of the most simple techniques to keep one healthy and free from cancer or at least lower the risk of cancer. A plant based diet is rich in chemicals known as phytonutrients. These are healthy nutrients that are very essential for the well being of individuals. Phytonutrients include v itamins, minerals, and other chemicals such as antioxidants necessary for the prevention of cancer. Researchers suggest that the intake of phytonutrients is directly linked with the prevention of cancer. It is important to consume variety of fruits and vegetables rather than the same set of fruits and vegetables on a day-to-day basis. This gives us the benefit of a variety of plant based nutrients maximizing the cancer fighting agents in the body (Mahtani, 2010a). Another important question to be answered is that how will nutrition help cancer survivors? Though there are many researchers who have studied the role of nutrition in prevention of cancers, very less research has gone into role of nutrition for cancer survivors. Today, there are an increasing number of researchers who are contributing to

Importance of Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Importance of Business Ethics - Research Paper Example The researcher states that several ethical theories exist defining what ethical and otherwise. Business ethics is derived from the ethical theories as for the behavior and conduct that any business entity adheres to in their daily interaction with their environment. Business ethics involves the application of ethical values such as integrity, fairness, respect, and transparency in business interactions. Business ethics also relates to how the business develops its structures produces and delivers its products and services to its clientele. Interaction with consumers, suppliers, employees and the wider society should align with ethical practice. Business ethics is very important due to the moral reasons which come with it. According to deontological theory, an action is considered to be ethical if it complies with the duties allocated either formally or moral duties. The utilitarian perspective of ethical actions is those that yield greater good for the majority. Personal and communit y conduct should comply to set rules and regulations for it to qualify classification as ethical. Actions that undermine the rights of other people are unethical especially exploitative behavior even if the victim is not informed of their rights. At the same time, some ethical theory as suggested by Plato and others in his school of thoughts indicates that the end justifies the means. Provided the end results are considered to be positive and acceptable then the process is ethical. Being ethical in a business is the right thing to do and business should ensure all the business behavior is governed by ethics. Business ethics and corporate governance work together to ensure accountability of the business to all stakeholders. Business ethics brings about the cooperation required for a company and the business environment to survive.