How Cell Phones Can Cause Cancer for Users Research Paper

How Cell Phones Can Cause Cancer for Users - Research Paper Example Cell phones are examples of gadgets that emit radiofrequency energy. This paper, in effect, explains how cell phones cause cancer to their users. Radiofrequency Radiation and Cell Phone Use Radiofrequency (RF) is a type of electrical energy found between 300 kilohertz (KHz) and 1 megahertz (MHz) frequency ranges. Weinberg (p. 17) observes that â€Å"†¦RF penetrates human body and is absorbed by deep body organs without feeling of any heat sensation.† Weinberg (p. 17) deduces that it this property of radiofrequency energy that makes cell phones harmful to their users. The gadgets play a major role in development of brain cancers because the antenna which absorbs and emits signals transmits the same radiation to the brain of a user. Several studies confirm a strong correlation between use of cell phones and brain cancer. (Schuz et al.1707). Causes of neck cancer and cancers of various nerves in the head have also been attributed to cell phone use. Mechanism used by microwav e ovens to heat food is analogous to how RF energy emitted by cell phones behaves. However, heat produced by RF exposure from cell phones is not sufficient enough to significantly increase body temperature. Muscat et al. (p. 3001) explains that using a cell phone while holding it on one side of the head affects brain tissues close to antennae of the phone. Radiofrequency energy emitted from the cell phone increases glycolytic process (breakdown of glucose to pyruvate with release of energy) in these tissues. Slight increase in temperature in these tissues triggers faster metabolism of glucose than in tissues opposite to antennae of the cell phone. Uneven rate of glycolysis in the brain results to imbalance energy distribution in brain tissues. Unequal distribution of energy in the brain promotes unequal cell growth in brain tissues resulting to uncontrolled and imbalanced cell division and growth of brain tissues. Brain tumors are products of uncontrolled cell growth and division of cells in the brain tissues. The tumors grow rapidly and form enlarged cell masses than surrounding cells. Surplus energy on one side of the head can, thus, cause brain tumors on one side of the brain. RF radiations produce malignant tumors. The tumors are non-encapsulated cells that grow quickly and readily metastasize into surrounding cells. Metastasis is the ability of a tumor cell to break from the tumor and freely enter the bloodstream (Larjavaara et al. 4). Tumor cells can, therefore, travel to other parts of the body and begin to rapidly divide and grow. More often, malignant tumor cells are characterized by anaplasia, a condition in which a cell loses its distinctive features. Larjavaara et al. (p. 10) concludes that cancer is a result of cell reversion. Consequently, cell phone users not only expose themselves to brain cancer, but also increase their chances of developing cancer of other body organs. According to Larjavaara et al. (p. 2), common brain cancers caused by radi ations emitted from cell phones include glioma and neuroma brain cancers. Glioma is a spinal cord or a brain tumor made up of neuroglia, a connective tissue of the nervous system. Glioma tumors arise from abnormal glial cells in the brain. Immediate symptoms of gliomas, which are not as deadly as glioma cancer, include nausea, vomiting, headaches, and cranial nerve disorders among others. Neuroma brain cancer, on the other hand, is a cancerous tumor that

Bus 303 Practice Midterm Essay Example for Free

Bus 303 Practice Midterm Essay Characters: Cathy and Dave, a well-to-do professional couple Al, a real estate salesman Cathy and Dave are young, upwardly mobile. They hold good professional jobs in downtown Chicago. One day Cathy received an invitation in-the mail, from a resort called Green Acres (GA), which was located near the mountains, about eight hour driving time from Chicago. The mailer invited the young couple to spend two nights free of cost and receive $50 for expenses. All they had to do in return was to listen to a presentation, see a video, and take a tour of the resort for about two hours. Additional conditions included 24 hour advance booking of the room with 24 hour notice for cancellations, and a valid credit card. Green Acres would charge $50 for a no show. Although the letter made no mention of it, Cathy and Dave knew the invitation was a real estate promotion and guessed that the two hours with the GA staff meant a hard sell for a condo or a timeshare near a lake or a golf course, something they did not want. They decided to take the offer anyway in order to get a free vacation and arranged to visit GA the following weekend. Cathy and Dave had a good time at GA. The only sour point of the trip was the last exchange they had with Al the salesman. At the end of the two hour presentation when Cathy and Dave had refused to buy any GA properties, Al looked at Dave in frustration and said, â€Å"If you knew you weren’t going to buy any property here, why did you come? Our company spent $300 to get you down here, and you have taken food off my family’s table. What you did is immoral. Please don’t do it again. At this Dave retorted, â€Å"Your letter was clear, there was nothing in it that said a purchase of real estate was involved, and we had no obligation to buy anything from you. Your invitation was unconditional, I don’t owe you or your family anything and I resent what you just said.† At the end of this uncomfortable exchange, Cathy and Dave left the room with an unpleasant feeling. But the unpleasant feelings did not last long because the drive back through the mountain s was truly spectacular. After a few days Cathy said to Dave, â€Å"You know, Im still mad about what Al said to us at Green Acres. Should we write to his boss, or to the real estate board or to some government agency? You know, if we don’t do something, some poor unsuspecting people might fall for their gimmicks!† Dave replied, â€Å"No, I dont think we should waste any time on this. Most people know, or should know what they are getting into-there are no free lunches! Besides if we complain, Al may lose his job and when we’ll be really taking the food from his family’s table!† What Are the Relevant Facts? 1. Cathy and Dave are educated and well paid. 2. They received an unsolicited invitation from Green Acres (GA). 3. The invitation had nothing in it that said they had to buy anything from GA. 4. They correctly guessed that the GA sales staff would put pressure on them to buy real estate. 5. GA was eight hours driving time from Chicago. 6. Al made a sales presentation. 7. Cathy and Dave listened to the presentation. 8. Al said Cathy and Dave had acted immorally and had deprived him of a chance of earning a sales commission. 9. Dave said that they had fulfilled their obligation, as outlined in the invitation, and had not acted incorrectly. What Are the Ethical Issues? 1. What is the role of inducements in marketing? 2. What is the responsibility of individuals who accept inducements? Do they have any moral obligations to purchase goods if they accept free gifts from merchants? 3. Is giving attractive gifts to potential buyers an ethical practice? Does the size of the gift or the inducement matter? 4. Cathy and Dave were sophisticated, educated city folk and did not feel pressured to buy from GA. Do less educated or less sophisticated consumers feel pressured to buy merchandise under enticements of gifts? Would such business practice be considered ethical? 5. Should Cathy and Dave complain so that other vulnerable people may not be pressured into buying expensive property they do not want? Who Are the Primary Stakeholders? †¢ Cathy and Dave †¢ Al †¢ GA †¢ GA’s stockholders †¢ Other potential consumers, especially the vulnerable ones What Are the Possible Alternatives? 1. Cathy and Dave can forget the incident and do nothing. 2. They can file a complaint with GA. 3. They can file a complaint with the appropriate authorities. 4. They can write to Al. What Are the Ethics of the Alternatives? 1. What is the best course of action for Cathy and Dave from the moral standpoint? What is the best course of action that Cathy and Dave take that will provide the greatest benefit to the greatest number? 2. Do Cathy and Dave and other potential customers have rights not to be pressured or induced into actions they may not wish to take? Do GA and Al have rights to pursue their business and personal interests? Were any rights violated? 3. What is the just thing to do in this case? Which alternative distributes the burdens and responsibilities fairly? If Cathy and Dave act and if GA improves its practices everyone except Al may benefit. Not complaining may mean Al will continue his tactics and undermine GA’s goals assuming that word would get around and additional customers will be offended. What Are the Practical Constraints? None. What Actions Should Be Taken? 1. What should Cathy and Dave do? 2. Which alternative would you choose? 3. Which approach (utilitarian, rights, or justice) makes the most sense to you in this situation? Clearly, no action could mean unsuspecting people may be lured into buying expensive real estate with potentially severe consequences. Complaints could lead to improved practice and better performance but could lead to the loss of Al’s job. 4. What is the right thing to do?

Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Going Beyond Revenge Es

Going Beyond Revenge in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The simplest and superficially the most appealing way to understand Shakespeare’s Hamlet is to see it as a revenge tragedy. This genre was well established and quite popular in Shakespeare’s time, but it was precisely part of his genius that he could take old forms and renew them by a creative violation of their standards. As this essay will explore, Hamlet stands the conventional revenge tragedy on its head, and uses the tensions created by this reversal of type to add depth to its characters and story.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The revenge tragedy of Shakespeare’s age, as exemplified in such productions as The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd and The Tragedy of Hoffman by Henry Chettle was gruesome to a degree. In the latter work, for instance, the hero displays on stage the skeleton of his father, who has been tortured to death for piracy, and later on takes part of his revenge by killing one of his enemies with precisely the same tortures, and hanging him in chains beside the skeleton of his father. In the process, the original religious symbolism of death imagery, in particular the skeleton and the skull, is perverted into little more than eye-catching tokens of revenge (Jacobs 1993).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The classic revenge tragedy is thus quite a simple affair: there is an offence, and it is followed in a fairly mechanical manner by revenge, preferably bloody and protracted. However, as Delville and Michel (1998) point out, this structure is undermined by Shakespeare in the person of Hamlet. Unlike even Shakespeare’s own creations, Brutus, Macbeth, and Othello, Hamlet is unpredictable. In an earlier version of the play, referred to as the Ur-Hamlet, and attributed to Thomas Kyd, the only reason for... ...rd and poisoned cup. In the deaths of Polonius and Ophelia, and indeed in his own, he learns that means cannot be separated from ends, and that the consequences of his own choice of means – his madness – will come back to haunt him. It is in this sense that Hamlet may be read as a journey of self-discovery, even though the journey ends only in the grave.    Works Cited Delville, Michel and Pierre Michel. â€Å"Introduction to Hamlet.† Tr. Eriks Uskalis. University of Liege, 1998. 20 April 2001. Jacobs, Henry E. â€Å"Shakespeare, revenge tragedy, and the ideology of Memento Mori.† Shakespeare Studies 21, 1993: 96-108. Electronic. EBSCO MasterFILE Premier, 14 June 2001. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.† The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. London: Spring Books, n.d.: 945-980.   

Knowing Me for Me :: Personal Narratives California Essays

Knowing Me for Me Who a person is can be shaped by many different things. Understanding how a person came to be who they are is important to grasping their inner-most uniqueness. People, places, and even events can shape a person. Things like having a supportive parent, growing up in a unique place, and being suddenly injured can help to define a person. This paper explains and evaluates my characteristics as they have changed through having a loving and comforting mom, living in San Diego, and getting hurt playing Water Polo. One of the most influential and most respectable people in my life is my mom. Though my dad is a close second, my mom has truly helped shape me in to who I am today. Since the day I was born my mom has always been there for me. Whether it was being in the front row of my dance recital or wiping my teenage tears away, she has always been a comfort. I went through a rough time during my sophomore and junior years of high school. A week before she found drugs in my room, my mom found out I had gotten my belly button pierced and a month later I got kicked out of a class at school. Alone and afraid were only the beginning of how I felt and would feel for a while. Of course I was in trouble, but my mom did her best to get me back on track and get me help. To this day she is amazed at how I have drastically changed, but it is all thanks to her. This is only one example. It has been a consistent pattern throughout my life. She has made me who I am; the person I want to be. The place in which a person lives can change their life forever. â€Å"California,† by Tom Petty describes the atmosphere in which I grew up. I grew up in Southern California, which is unlike any other place in the world. The busyness all around me all the time forced me to fight hard to find out just where I belonged. The high school I attended was huge with almost 4,000 students. The school however was build for 1,200. Everywhere you looked it was a sea of students you could not escape.

Playing Beatie Bow Essay

What does Abigail learn about the importance of the family? Discuss how Ruth Park represents her characters and ideas about the family using (3) novel and language techniques In the novel Playing Beatie Bow by Ruth Park, the protagonist Abigail learns about the importance of the family. She is a headstrong fourteen-year old girl who has had troubles in her own family, but when she is transported to the Rocks, 1873, and meets the Bow family, she realizes her selfish ways. From her experiences with them Abigail learns that in any situation every family member, including herself, must demonstrate the key elements of keeping a family together. These include love, forgiveness, support and understanding. Ruth Park uses many techniques that illustrate the main theme of the novel – how Abigail learns about the importance of the family. In Playing Beatie Bow Abigail learns that love and forgiveness are vital elements in keeping a family together. Abigail is an unforgiving child, especially towards her divorced parents. To Abigail, â€Å"her father was a king† and the metaphor emphasizes how much she adores him. However when her father â€Å"went off with another lady†, Abigail is so outraged that she hits him and refuses to forgive him. Abigail’s unloving attitude was causing the family to fall apart, and she realizes this with â€Å"sickish surprise† when she meets the Bow family in 1873. Gibbie Bow is an ill boy; a â€Å"self-important little monster† to Abigail. The metaphor emphasizes Abigail’s dislike for â€Å"unlovable and obnoxious† Gibbie, so when she realizes â€Å"Dovey’s devotion to the child, her sleepless nights and endless patience†, she is hit with â€Å"embarrassed astonishment†. The continuous descriptive language emphasizes the shock Abigail feels when she recalls her own attitude towards her family compared to the loving and forgiving Bows. When she returns to her own time, Abigail forgives her parents and realizes how much she loves them. She displays love and forgiveness which she has learnt from her experiences with the Bows. Another lesson Abigail learns about the importance of the family is that families support each other in hard times. The Rocks in 1873 is a dangerous world where many die from diseases or war. Abigail’s time is â€Å"paradise compared with Beatie’s own time†, and the metaphor emphasizes how harsh the living conditions of 1873 are. The Bowsâ€℠¢ mother passed away Dovey, still a young lady, devotes herself to the Bows and Abigail as if she were a mother. Mr. Bow suffers mental issues due memories of his wife’s death and when he drinks alcohol and goes mad he  says: â€Å"I dunno if I’m on head or heels†. The author includes the Scottish idiom to emphasize the Bows’ unsophisticated language as well as the helplessness of Mr. Bow. He cannot play his role as a father properly, so at fourteen years old Judah begins to earn money as a sailor, looking after the family like a father. The Bows and even Abigail rely on him and seem to â€Å"absorb vitality from him†. Park has used the metaphor to show how trustworthy and supportive Judah is. Abigail learns from and even joins in with the Bows as they support each other in this cruel world, each playing their role to keep the family together. Abigail learns the importance of understanding in a family from her experiences with the Bow family. Whe n her father leaves, Abigail is too â€Å"wrapped up† in her own problems to comfort her mother even though Kathy was just as troubled. The author uses the metaphor to accentuate Abigail’s inconsideration towards others’ feelings. The â€Å"precious† Gift is an ability only Bows own, and as Abigail has a role in preserving it, she is kept from escaping 1873. At first she believes it is â€Å"absolutely repulsive† and refuses to stay, but as she feels closer to the family she begins to understand the importance of the Gift to the Bows. Later Abigail plays her role by saving Gibbie and Dovey from â€Å"bluish tongues of flame† in a fire. The use of personification of the flames emphasizes the frightening experience of the fire and Abigail’s will to risk her life to save Gibbie. By having to accept her role with the Gift, Abigail learns about understanding and being unselfish towards her family. In Playing Beatie Bow, Ruth Park illustrates the lessons Abigail learns about the importance of the family. Although she was selfish and unforgiving at the beginning of the novel, through her experiences with the Bows Abigail learns to display the key elements in keeping a family together. She learns how to love, forgive, support and understand her family, and this allowed her to mature and realize the importance of a family.

Audience is Everything

Audience is Everything Audience is Everything Audience is Everything By Sharon Just as real estate revolves around the old adage, Location! Location! Location!, students, teachers, authors and any writer worth his or her salt lives by a motto as well. Quite simply, audience is everything. Audience dictates all of the elements that go into a successful piece of writing. For instance, one would generally write very differently when addressing a teacher or employer in a formal piece of writing than one would when informally addressing a friend, family member or classmate. For example, after missing a day of work, if you left a message for your boss, it might read: Dear Mr. Smith, I’m very sorry that I was absent from work yesterday, but I fell ill on Tuesday evening and felt it necessary to visit my doctor in an effort to make it back to the office today. In contrast, when writing a note to a friend or co-worker about the same situation, you might say: Carla, Sorry I missed ya yesterday. I got really sick the other night and had to go to the doctor. I’d hate to miss another day of work. The audience that will read your writing dictates the words you choose, the formality of your work and the tone of your writing â€Å"voice.† Writing that requires formality generally sounds proper and practiced while informal writing often comes across as conversational. Always keep in mind the appropriateness of your writing and the way your writing voice might sound to an objective reader when you put words to paper. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherThe Six Spellings of "Long E"7 Proofreading Steps

When to See a Doctor for Bursitis

When to See a Doctor for Bursitis Bursitis is defined as the irritation or inflammation of a bursa (fluid-filled sacs attached to joints). You can often effectively treat bursitis at home. However, in some cases, you may want or need to treat bursitis with some techniques not available at home and require a visit to a doctor. If you have bursitis and you experience a warm swelling, a fever or become sick you may have septic bursitis and should seek medical attention. Septic bursitis needs antibiotic medication to treat it. In the case of non-septic bursitis you should consider seeing a doctor: If the pain becomes severe or is getting progressively worseIf your range of motion is being hampered and the swelling and stiffness is getting worseIf your strength is affectedIf the injury is becoming chronic and never fully alleviates, or commonly reoccursIf methods for preventing bursitis have not proven sufficientIf home treatments are not effectiveIf you can not change your habits or the repetitive stress causing your bursitis is unavoidable What to Expect From Your Doctor If you are seeking medical help for your bursitis then your general practitioner is probably your first stop. Your doctor will need a history of your condition including the symptoms and activities that trigger or worsen the symptoms. Additionally, you should provide your doctor with information about any treatments, over the counter medication or home remedies you have tried and how effective they have been. Your doctor will perform a basic physical examination of the affected area to check for a swollen bursa. Diagnostic imagery is usually not required  but is some difficult cases it may be requested. Imagery, such as an X-ray or MRI, can help fill out a comprehensive diagnosis. Once diagnosed your doctor may prescribe treatment or refer you to a specialist. In some cases, your doctor may suggest draining the bursa to reduce the swelling. This can usually be done during the same visit. Your doctor will simply insert a syringe into the bursa and remove some of the fluid. This can provide immediate relief but does not treat the cause of bursitis.​ When referring you to a specialist your general practitioner will often suggest a physical therapist or occupational therapist. These therapists will develop a treatment regimen of exercise and/or behavioral therapy that should change or remove the repetitive stress that is causing bursitis as well as strengthening the area so it is more robust. What to Bring to Your Doctor Being prepared with a thorough history of your symptoms can help your doctor diagnose your bursitis. Organize your information to help your doctor get through all the pertinent parts in the time usually allotted for an appointment. The information you should have on hand includes: What your symptoms areWhen your symptoms first presented or startedHow severe your symptoms areIf your symptoms come and go or are persistentWhat activities trigger or worsen your symptomsWhat kind of repetitive stress concerning the area of your bursitis you regularly encounterAny candidate causes of bursitis you have identifiedAny injuries within the past 6 months to the area of your bursitisOther medical conditions you currently suffer from or have had in the past, including surgeries When gathering your information, it is beneficial to journal your symptoms. Write down all your symptoms with notes about duration and severity. Use a Visual Analog Pain Scale to track the pain. Make notes of the activities that may contribute to bursitis and what effect they seem to have. Furthermore, write down any treatments and if they have a positive or negative effect. Last, but not least, write down any questions you have for your doctor before your appointment. Patients often get nervous or forget their questions when face to face with their doctor. Write down your questions and make sure you get satisfactory answers before you leave. Dont forget, your doctor is there to help you and you are paying them for that help, so make sure to get your moneys worth.

God Overreact and Floods the world by Alan Dershowitz

God Overreact and Floods the world by Alan Dershowitz This article creates a shocking and compelling impression after reading it, and conceptualizing the claims of the author. Dershowitz has developed a clear and critical view on the story of the flood in the Bible.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on God Overreact and Floods the world by Alan Dershowitz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through his compelling writing ability, the author has developed a very clear picture highlighting the imperfections of God in the Beginning. This outlook on God’s character is frightening because it makes the reader feel like the author is openly criticizing the power of God. Dershowitz openly claims that God may not have been perfect in the beginning. The author compares the Supreme-being with the rest of the humans with reference to the ability of assuming evil deeds. Dershowitz’s interpretation of the story of the flood is quite impressive from a critical point o f view because he does not leave any room for propagated bias. He looks deep into the various analogies that various people have developed over the centuries with relation to story. Dershowitz does not hesitate to negate or approve the various interpretations of the story by theology professors. His interpretation revolves around a literal and inner meaning of the story of the flood story. It is quite easy for the reader to identify with the logic presented by the author in the story. Dershowitz’s comparison of the story of the floods in the Bible with the issues in the world has helped in the creation of a mental picture about his claims and sentiments about the action done by God. Unlike most people, Dershowitz does not hold back in the criticizing of God’s actions as revealed into the story. He examines each analogy and presents valid arguments that spark deeper thoughts about the controversial decisions made by God. For the better part of the article, Dershowitz ha s criticized the Bible in a very fair manner. He not only gives credit to the generally accepted interpretations of this story in the Bible, but he also acknowledges the power of God. One may think that the author is too harsh in his criticism of God’s actions, but he has done it in the fairest manner possible. First, he acknowledges that God was the creator of the people and animals that he would later destroy. He also acknowledges that God has the power to do whatever he wants. His main concern is about the justice part that defines the character of God. Based on his sentiments about the flood, it is clear that he believes that God made a mistake, and tried to cover for it by making promises to Noah.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Only a biased reader would find the article violating to the Bible. It is a common thing for people to read verses o r chapters in the bible, and interpret them according to how they want the stories to mean. The Bible is open to translations that are constructive. In Dershowitz’s article, he escapes this biased approach in interpreting the Bible and assumes a critical view, which portrays curiosity in defining the character of God. It is quite easy to share his sentiments because he has presented his argument in a concise and believable way. Indeed, if Dershowitz’s sentiments are real, God may have overreacted in His actions in the story of the floods. This may offend many Christians, but the logic in the critique of the story is too compelling to ignore.

Unit VII Assessment MC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit VII Assessment MC - Essay Example The maintenance supervisor assigned all of them to clean the morgue and the basement. These employees were not allowed to work on any other floors or come into contact with patients. (8) Omar Khaleel applied for a job as a bus driver with the Overland Omnibus Corporation. His employer was worried that it might be dangerous to allow someone of Middle Eastern descent to drive a large bus, loaded with 160 gallons of fuel, into the heart of the downtown areas in the cities served by the company. Therefore, he asked Omar to submit a more stringent background check than was used for other bus drivers. Eight months later, the background check was completed and Omar was hired as a driver. (9) Margaret comes to work in clothes highly reflective of the national origin of her ancestors, and which also happen to violate the dress code of the White City Dairy. She is told to return home, and change into clothing that comports with the dress code. (10) Virtually all of the non-U.S. citizens in the labor pool available to an employer are of Mexican descent, many of whom are legal aliens having the right to work in the U.S. The employer implements a policy against hiring any non-U.S. citizens. This

Health Care Reform -SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Reform -SLP - Essay Example that there is a need to appreciate all that has been achieved in the last five years given that a lot of initiatives have been completed through the help of funds and grants from well wishers and foundations that have seen the need to support community based projects. Some foundations have so far given to different healthcare centers grants to support schemes that they are undertaking. Clearly, many people in the state have been able to benefit from this initiative given that children have gone to schools and have been able to receive treatment despite them not being insured. The main aim of all the initiatives being undertaken by the state is to ensure that more children eligible for enrollment are introduced to this scheme. It is also for the benefit of the state that all people, whether with insurance or not, get treatment at no greater costs (David, 126). Illinois has of late been on an asset-building spree where it has been able to accumulate the required assets to help it trend on with its policies. It has established certain priorities that have since been the key to accounting for the use of all the assets that have been accumulated by the different funding initiatives. The first one is education and training which it was directed towards the achievement of literacy on health education to ensure that people get to know how to safeguard their bodies using possible preventive ways. It also sort to direct its assets towards improvement of healthcare and make sure that it is available to all the citizens without much ado. It is clear that the state is willing to bring everyone on board to ensure that the whole society is free from diseases. It has been noted that implementation of primary care case management would address the accessibility and quality of the healthcare offered. This initiative received much applause given that it wo uld ensure responsive healthcare delivery. It was meant to focus on preventive healthcare and also promote health and primary

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Melanoma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Melanoma - Essay Example Melanoma is extraordinarily dangerous, but if detected early, it is one of the most preventable forms of cancer (Ingraffea 35). As with many diseases, both environmental and hereditary factors have a profound effect upon the exhibition of melanoma. Until recently, it was assumed that overall exposure level to the sun and/or the number of severe sunburns that an individual received during their lifetime or the ultimate culprits to whether or not melanoma was exhibited. However, further analysis and discussion by researchers has revealed the fact that the overall number of sunburns and/or the overall amount of time of exposure that individual has a son is not necessarily a determining factor with respect to whether or not melanoma will be exhibited within the individual or not. As can readily be understood, genetic factors also play a powerful role in determining whether or not an individual will be particularly susceptible to this form of skin cancer. However, the genetic factors that contribute to the overall susceptibility and likelihood of developing melanoma at any one point in life are not the same as the genetic factors that contribute to issues such as heart disease, high blood pressure, or a litany of other health problems. What is meant by this is the fact that the genetic issues that contribute to the prevalence of melanoma within specific individuals are predicated upon the skin construction, hair color, eyes, and other unique genetic indicators? For instance, an individual that is born with a naturally darker complexion as compared to an individual that has blonde hair blue eyes and relatively pale or light skin is at a distinctly lower likelihood of developing melanoma within their lifetime (Gogas et al. 883). By means of comparison and contra st, an individual that has white features and relatively pale skin is at a much higher genetic risk of developing melanoma throughout their life.

Metals in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Metals in Sports - Essay Example Metals have gained one of the most diverse applications in sports today. Their qualities make them useful in the process of creating a range of sporting equipment. For instance, metals are used to make goals. Most goal frames are metallic in nature and the reason behind this is that metals possess a high density thus giving them the ability to resist movements, pushes and shoves during the goal hitting process. Metallic goals are common in games such as hockey, soccer, rugby, handball and many more. (Review Centre, 2008) These days, metals are being used to make bats, sticks and clubs. Bats are largely associated with games such as baseball. The latter category is a recent introduction to the game and it has generated a lot of heated debate about the limits and applicability of metals in sports. This is largely because bats are subjected to a lot of movement and are likely to make frequent contact with the respective players. The controversies behind the use of metallic bats shall be examined in subsequent portions of the essay. Certain clubs may be made (in part) of metals. However, most of the time, these clubs are composite items that require the good properties in metal to work hand in hand with other materials. Clubs are usually linked to the game of golf. In close relation to the latter use is the use of sticks in games such as hockey. ... In basketball, the rim that holds a net is metallic in nature. This is necessary so as to provide a strong material that can be used as a support for the heavy players making their pointers. In tennis and badminton, metals are also used as frames to support nets. This is largely because metals are easy to form and can therefore provide a firm shape against which players can play the game. The same qualities can be used to explain why metals are used in volleyball and fishing too. Tackle and rods are also made up of this material known as metal. This is because fishing entails the capture of heavy materials that may only be possible through the utilization of a firm and strong support that can withstand the weight of some of these heavy fish. Metals are particularly useful in the creation of protective sports equipment. Usually, these protective gears may be for the facial area, thighs, shins and many others. Examples of equipment that may be made up of these metals include Cup Thigh pads Shin pads Helmets Mouth guards Interestingly enough, metal can also be found in footwear. This is especially the case in sports that require contact with ice or water. In the process of making boards for surfing, it is common to find this material especially in equipments such as boards for snowboarding and skate boarding equipment. Because the latter materials require a certain level of smoothness and strength that is difficult to achieve with other materials, then the better option to choose in this regard is a metal. Gometals.com (2008) Metals are also particularly useful in sporting events that involve the use of skates. In ice skating and roller skating, metals are used to create the wheels or the skates that are essential for movement

Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Software Engineering - Essay Example by which a hacker or a foreign source can enter in another system can exploit that system by deleting the data or stealing the information from that system thus the whole architecture of system can be modified. The vulnerabilities in chat application cause a lot of problem as it is to enter other system’s domain. The vulnerabilities are found in every operating system so if we are chatting either through Windows or through Linux or UNIX, we have to secure our system. There are many vulnerabilities found in which mainly are multiple vulnerabilities in Yahoo Messenger, multiple vulnerabilities in BIND and SNMP, Buffer Overflow in Microsofts MSN Chat ActiveX Control etc. In the case Yahoo Messenger, multiple vulnerabilities are found. The hacker can easily enter the domain of the other system and hack that system easily by using some codes which may be written in JAVA or some other languages. The yahoo messenger is use every where in the world and so it has to secures but still some soft spots exist. And vulnerabilities like a buffer overflow and URL validation vulnerability exist. The vulnerabilities like VU#137115, VU#172315 exist. These vulnerabilities are due to the buffer overflow in URI handler (VU#137115) and other one is caused as the addview function permits the other arbitrary codes to execute in its own system. Thus the hacker can send some scripts to other system and can exploit the situation. Thus due to these vulnerabilities and others the remote attacker can easily modify other system. The Yahoo Messenger has removed these vulnerabilities by using advance version like Yahoo! Messenger version 5,0,0,1058, released February 25, 2002 or by server side solution. The Yahoo Messenger whenever is

Metals in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Metals in Sports - Essay Example Metals have gained one of the most diverse applications in sports today. Their qualities make them useful in the process of creating a range of sporting equipment. For instance, metals are used to make goals. Most goal frames are metallic in nature and the reason behind this is that metals possess a high density thus giving them the ability to resist movements, pushes and shoves during the goal hitting process. Metallic goals are common in games such as hockey, soccer, rugby, handball and many more. (Review Centre, 2008) These days, metals are being used to make bats, sticks and clubs. Bats are largely associated with games such as baseball. The latter category is a recent introduction to the game and it has generated a lot of heated debate about the limits and applicability of metals in sports. This is largely because bats are subjected to a lot of movement and are likely to make frequent contact with the respective players. The controversies behind the use of metallic bats shall be examined in subsequent portions of the essay. Certain clubs may be made (in part) of metals. However, most of the time, these clubs are composite items that require the good properties in metal to work hand in hand with other materials. Clubs are usually linked to the game of golf. In close relation to the latter use is the use of sticks in games such as hockey. ... In basketball, the rim that holds a net is metallic in nature. This is necessary so as to provide a strong material that can be used as a support for the heavy players making their pointers. In tennis and badminton, metals are also used as frames to support nets. This is largely because metals are easy to form and can therefore provide a firm shape against which players can play the game. The same qualities can be used to explain why metals are used in volleyball and fishing too. Tackle and rods are also made up of this material known as metal. This is because fishing entails the capture of heavy materials that may only be possible through the utilization of a firm and strong support that can withstand the weight of some of these heavy fish. Metals are particularly useful in the creation of protective sports equipment. Usually, these protective gears may be for the facial area, thighs, shins and many others. Examples of equipment that may be made up of these metals include Cup Thigh pads Shin pads Helmets Mouth guards Interestingly enough, metal can also be found in footwear. This is especially the case in sports that require contact with ice or water. In the process of making boards for surfing, it is common to find this material especially in equipments such as boards for snowboarding and skate boarding equipment. Because the latter materials require a certain level of smoothness and strength that is difficult to achieve with other materials, then the better option to choose in this regard is a metal. Gometals.com (2008) Metals are also particularly useful in sporting events that involve the use of skates. In ice skating and roller skating, metals are used to create the wheels or the skates that are essential for movement

Analysis of Private Prisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Private Prisons - Research Paper Example These and many other factors cause an increase in the number of illegalities, increased crime rates and thereby overcrowding of prisons. With the increase in the number of offenders, there is a need to substitute government (public) prisons, hence, the need for private prisons (Shefer & Liebling, 2008). The second factor that led to the increase in privatization of prisons is capitalism. Previously, prisons were a form of social cleansing as it was a way of getting rid of extreme deviants regarded as a threat to social tranquility. However, capitalism saw the change of this view; people regard prisons as a business entity and, therefore, a means to make a living (Shefer & Liebling, 2008). Evidence shows that the government, through respective states, aggressively bids for the incarceration of offenders in private prisons. The reasons remain similar to the onset of privatization of prisons. The government wants to reduce overcrowding in prisons and cut the costs of running the penal j ustice system. The government also argues that hiring private contractors is cheaper than training state employees so as to make them proficient (Shefer & Liebling, 2008). ...The companies that run private prisons amass wealth and build political ties. With these powers, the companies influence politicians and other political entities to pass policies that support higher rates of incarceration. Secondly, these prisons somewhat handpick their inmates (Shefer & Liebling, 2008). This allows them to engage low-cost offenders while the backlog of high maintenance offenders goes back to the public sector. High maintenance can include patients suffering from costly diseases such as diabetes or those incapable of labor due to a disability (Reisig & Pratt, 2004). The privatization of prisons has a negative effect not only on the inmates but also society. Nurge (2004) reports that at the onset of privatization of prisons, there was a cordial relationship between the prison guards and the pris oners. The management of the prisons was also better or matched the standards of public prisons. However, in recent times, new statistics show that private prisons are facing the same negative issues as public ones. This is in regard to prisoners’ relationship with the guards and the adequacy of prison facilities (Shefer & Liebling, 2008). There are several possible explanations for this situation. Some researchers claim that previously, the prison guards in private prisons were free of the penal system corruption. With time, however, they got assimilated and developed the survival for the fittest technique common in public prisons. The guards now mistreat the inmates and engage in other forms of corruption detrimental to the safety of the inmates.

Three arguments Essay Example for Free

Three arguments Essay Word critical argument analysis essay, focuses on three professional essays and how these authors construct their arguments using opinion and evidence. There are many different ways in which authors can construct their arguments. In the highly controversial topic of legalizing marijuana I found three very different styles of arguments in which the authors backed up their opinions with facts. In my reading of these arguments each writer had there own style. The first essay by Stephen B. Duke, Cannabis Captiva Freeing the World from Marijuana Prohibition, the second Medical marijuana laws in 50 states: Investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence, and the third Poll: Nationwide Marijuana Legalization Inevitable, each essay had a different way in proving there arguments. The authors all used the same tactics in persuading the audience. Arguing why marijuana should be legalized. In the first Essay written by Stephen B. Duke, Cannabis Captiva Freeing the World from Marijuana Prohibition, the author provides you with historical facts to back up his argument. He starts with how marijuana was used daily in certain cultures and goes through time showing that government abolishment is impossible. He states that government regulating the drug is possible specifically if the ban is lifted. In this argument it shows that the abolishment of alcohol only brought violence, crime and criminal organizations. In this essay it states that in the United States, large criminal organizations maintained by violence and bribery increasingly control the networks that distribute marijuana. By ultimately legalizing alcohol the government could control who it was sold to and the consumer could also rely on the quality of the liquor. By comparing marijuana with alcohol he argued that by abolishing marijuana only causes more problems and creates no way of containment. If marijuana was legalized the government could create sanctions and put control in there hands, creating no need for organized crime. The author used facts in history to support his argument. In this essay, Medical marijuana laws in 50 states: Investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence, the authors took a survey taken by individuals who lived in states where marijuana was legal and residents of states where marijuana was illegal. Cerda (2011)† We combined abuse and dependence into one outcome, since empirical findings indicate that it better captures the underlying prevalence of cannabis use disorders than dependence or abuse alone. While substance use disorders were originally conceived as a bi-axial syndrome with dependence capturing more physiologic dimensions of addiction and abuse capturing more behavioral consequences, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that abuse and dependence criteria, including cannabis use disorder criteria, represent a uni-dimensional construct† (para. 10). In this argumentative essay the writer takes the results of the survey and concludes that there is a strong relationship between use, abuse and dependence in states that have made marijuana legal. This argument shows that by keeping it illegal there are less people who use, abuse and become dependent on it. The author used a survey in which took results of states where marijuana was legal and where marijuana was illegal to support his argument. In the article, Poll: Nationwide Marijuana Legalization Inevitable, the author doesn’t argue a side either for or against marijuana. This article gives the results of a survey taken nationwide regarding marijuana. According to Kwtx (2014) ‘The telephone survey found that 75 percent of respondents — including majorities of both supporters and opponents of legal marijuana— think that the sale and use of pot eventually will be legal nationwide.†(para. 4) In conclusion he states that the results reflect nationwide marijuana legalization is inevitable. Without picking a side he concluded a survey of what people think will happen in the future either for or against its legalization. Although the poll didn’t reflect the fact that full legalization of marijuana is or isn’t wanted it shows you three fourths of a majority think it is inevitable that it will be legalized. This author used a survey without having an argument to support his article. Reference Duke, S. B. (2010). Cannabis captiva: Freeing the world from marijuana prohibition. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 11(2), 83-90. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/910990356?accountid=458 Cerda, m. (2011). Science direct. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/science/article/pii/S0376871611002742 KWTX. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.kwtx.com/centraltexasvotes/home/headlines/PollLegalization-Of-Pot-Nationwide-Is-Inevitable-253584841.html

Mt First Lovely Dog English Literature Essay

Mt First Lovely Dog English Literature Essay My father likes animals very much that he kept them since I was young. He had dogs. At that time, I was too young that I was afraid of them. I was small child and they were big monsters. So I didnt like them. But, my father tried to make me become familiar with them. So he used to gave me chances to touch the little baby dog. He brought the baby to me every night for 5~6 minutes. The Big dog was scared, but the little baby was very cute. However, One day, one accident happened to me. It was about noon. There was nobody but only me in my house because my parents went to work. It was nice day until the BIG my fathers dog appeared. The leash of her was cut! Although I knew that I shouldnt run away in front of dogs, but I was very shocked and frightened that I ran away. Surely she ran after me. But she ran just cause I ran. However I misunderstood she was about to bite me. I was too embarrassed that I fell down. The dog just passed me and disappeared. At that time, I was very shocked that I thought I had got bitten by her. And really there was a scar on my arm! But it was scare which is made by felling down to the ground. I could recognize it a few days ago. After that incident, I hated dog very much until my family moved to here. My father likes mother nature very much that we moved to country side when I was 8 years old. Here is really deep in the mountain that there is a few houses. So it is nice to keep animals. Then my father started to kept dogs again. At first, my father brought a little dog that I loved her. As Yeappi(the dogs name) became bigger and bigger, automatically I dont hate big dogs anymore. Every evenings, my father and me used to walked around with her. She liked run very much. And she was a good mother. When she raised her kids, she totally devoted herself. When she took care of her babies, they were the first important things to her. Guarding her babies was sure thing to her. If her baby excreted dongs, she ate it all to make it clean. And to delete the smell of baby from their enemy. I was moved to saw that. Also if it was very cold day, she dug the hole and moved her baby to there to make them warm. However she was also aggressive like other wild beasts. I loved rabbit that Once I had kept rabbit. When he was a little rabbit, I could had him in my room. But as he grew up, it became hard to. So my father decided to kept him next to Yeappis home. My father and I thought that it is very good idea. But as soon as Yeappi saw my rabbit, she changed wildly. She tried to kill him!! We were shocked and my father saved rabbit very quickly. But it was late. Already one of ears of rabbit was cut. Sadly, my rabbit had gone after 7days. At that time, I hated and blamed Yeappi for long times. But she wasnt aggressive to me that as time goes by I could forget that happening. By the way, My father isnt get along with a guy of neighbor. He is really ignoble. He tried to appeal his anger to not only my family but also Yeappi! He blamed and shouted to Yeappi whenever he passed her. Just because she was barking! Even he spitted to poor Yeappi!!! One night, I couldnt stand it anymore. It was almost midnight. That night, she barked loudly. So he came to Yeappi, threatened her with long stick with shouting. I got angry that I got off with my mom and had a fought with him. I said to him It is not a dog fault but our fault. Then you should visited my family, not dog. And you used to shouted to my dog with very foul words! How would you like somebody blamed you, If you were a dog? Surely you would hate him and bark at him, isnt you? Also Your method is wrong! You could solve this problem with us not dog! And you are very rude! Its almost midnight. Its too late, dont you know? You could visit us next morning! And then, I wanted to fought with him more, but my mom ma de me returned to home. And next morning, he made a trouble. Finally he destroyed Yeappis house! Oh my god. I hate that guy very much. He let off his anger to dog! Yeappi couldnt express her bad emotion except for barking. How could do that such a poor dog! I cant understand him and I dont want to understand him either!! Sadly, my father decided to let Yeappi go. I didnt want to do that, but I thought it is torture to Yeappi. So I agreed with him. Since then, I couldnt contact to her. I am really sorry to her. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: I dont like animals. Post: I dont like animals. Author: GA-YUN 5B KO Posted Date: November 21, 2010 5:38 AM Last Modified Date: November 21, 2010 5:45 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   I have never raised cat, dog, rabbit, hamster and so on because my family, including me, do not like animals. I do not like animals. Frankly speaking, I hate animals. From little animals to an animal of huge size, I hate animals. Of course, I like to see cute puppy or lovely cat but it is just a eye candy. I feel repulsion toward animals. There are many reasons that I do not like animals. First reason that I do not like animals is fear. I am afraid of being bitten by animals. Dog, cat, rabbit, hamster and so on have sharp teeth. They have menacing teeth. Especially, big dog has huge jawbone and large teeth. It is very scary to look. Because of this, I do not want to go near them. Second reason that I do not like animals is hair. I do not like touch animals that have hair. It is terrible that I touch them or they touch me. It feels weird and odd. Also, when they move, their hairs are falling out. The hairs can trigger allergic reactions such as coughing and wheezing. Therefore no matter how cute an animal looks, I hardly like to stroke, pet and touch. Third reason that I do not like animals is dirt. Of course, family pets are clean but I think that animals that wander the streets are very dirty. They live streets so they are certainly filthy. Animals that wander the streets can not wash their bodies so they have the possibility that they have diseases. Also animals that wander the streets may have diseases that can transmit people. For example, people can be infected with rabies. We have to be careful of it. Because of this, I do not want to go near them. Fourth reason that I do not like animals is noise. Animals are very noisy. Animals make a noisy sound. Typical noisy animals are dog and cat. When dogs bark at a person, it is very noisy. And the sound can frighten a person to death. Furthermore, cats mew. Around the apartment building that I live in now, there are many cats. Every nights, they mew as a group. Cats sound like a baby crying. It is very horrible sound. Last reason that I do not like animals is my experience with animals. When I was young, my grandmother raised a dog. One day, the dog gave birth to two pups. The two puppies were very cute and lovely. Because I was young, I was bold. So I tried to bring the two puppies from their mother with no definite idea. Suddenly the mother dog attacked me to regain her babies. I was greatly surprised and I screamed loud. It was fortunate that I was not hurt but I was very shocked by her sudden action. From that day, I took a strong dislike to stroke, pet and touch animals. I became afraid of animals. That experience made me dislike animals. For these reasons, I do not like animals. Of course, I like to see cute puppy, lovely cat, little hamster and so on, but I do not want to touch them. I just want to see them. I do not want to go near animals. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: Animals are our friends! Post: Animals are our friends! Author: HUI-YUN 5B LEE Posted Date: November 21, 2010 9:26 AM Last Modified Date: November 25, 2010 12:18 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   Animals are our friends! I like animals. Sometimes I find some animals at unexpected places and I get smiled. For example, I met rabbits accidently which were feeding on grass when I was exercising at Sara-bong. And when I climbed the Hala mountain, I heard dim sounds like something is passing. Soon I find a beautiful roe which was looking at me curiously. Also we can easily happen to meet dogs which help a man who is visually handicapped when crossing the street. In addition to these animals, there are various species of animals and our ecosystem consists of them.     However these animals are suffering from humans selfishness. Environmental disruption causes large temperature changes and ecological adaption. As results of them, many animals are threatened with extinction. Besides, indiscriminate poaching has placed many animal species in danger of extinction, too. For example, poachers capture many whales cruelly to commercial exploitation. And some people hunt animals like raccoons, rabbits, tigers or so,  then skin them and made a fur coat in the name of fashion. Crocodile is used for many accessories such as handbags, fashion belts and purses. Even dog meat is very popular and healthy food for some Koreans. Last year, I have watched a documentary called Tears of the Amazon. According to that,  Ã‚  some people in the Amazon also ruthlessly capture unique animals in Amazon and sell them off for a living and it made some species to disappear. We should stop being cruel to animals, because animals are on an equal footing with human being. Human has no right to determine other animals existence. Animals are our friends. We can easily understand it by imaging our selves in animals position. To build this kind of view of world, it is good for us to remind a Indian chiefs letter. In 1850, the Indian chief  wrote letters  to white mans who force Indian to yield possession of their land. How dare you buy and sell sky and land? We think it is very odd. We cant own sacred sky and twinkling water, how dare we sell it? All things of this land are sacred. We are the part of the land and land is part of us. Flowers are our sisters. And deer, horses, eagles are our brothers. A rocky mountain, wild flowers, pony and human are family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We thought about your proposal to sell our land.  Ã‚  We  want to suggest  some conditions to you.  I have seen a lot of rotten water buffaloes which white people shoot and throw away. You have to serve animals in this land as your brothers. What is human being in the world without animals? If all animals are gone, human will die because of loneliness. All creations are related, so the thing which happened to animal can happen to human, too. Although we sell this land to you, love this as the way w e love it. Please protect and love this land sincerely for your sons and grandsons. As the Indian chief said, animals are our precious companion. They are precious just the way they are. They live not for human  but  for  themselves.  So we should protect them from our selfishness. We can take up a positive action  by starting from a little things. For example i can protect bird nest which is located near my balcony. Because protecting animals habitat is beginning of the love. And we can sometimes try some vegetarian diet while reminding of animals right to live. If we perform these little but important works, the relation between human and the other animals will be improved and go meaningful. I hope more animals to have their stable habitat and get a right to live their own life. For that, humans support is essential. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: To my unforgettable pet, Ban-di Post: To my unforgettable pet, Ban-di Author: JI-HAE 5B BAK Posted Date: November 21, 2010 9:01 AM Last Modified Date: November 21, 2010 9:03 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   Dear my precious pet, Ban-di When reading this forum topic first, you rushed upon my mind. You are a dog. And Im human. But that was not important. You were same as my family. Although you are no longer with me, Im still miss you. So I want to recollect memory with you through this forum. Do you remember when we met for the first time? Im eight years old that time. And you were just one months old small puppy. My family began to talk about your name. Finally we choose your name. It was Ban-di! It means a firefly in Korean. Because you have shiny golden hair we choose that name. I was excited because I lived you. But you were whining all night. It was because you were scared. I felt sorry for you. So I brought you to my room secretly. When I petted your fur, you went to sleep peacefully. After you went to sleep, I went to sleep near you, too. Although I was scolded by my parents (my parents doesnt allow to raise dog in the house because I have asthma), I was really happy because you could sleep peacefully. We have become close after the day. Even though we were different species, I felt you understood my feeling. When I was happy, you were glad with me. And when I was sad, you shared my sorrow. When I was crying, you come to my side quitely. Then you started lick my hands until I stop crying. It was a great consolation to me. I still miss your comfort when I get depressed. You were a very thoughtful dog. But you were also jealousy. I brought up you and other dog Buk at the same time. One day Buk gave birth to puppies. Puppies were so cute. So my familys attention was on newborn puppies. Than you became sulky. So you went up on the roof and never came down expect meal time. By than, I understood your mind. So I gave much attention to you. Only then you came down to the ground. Even now Im funny at the thought of it. It was jealousy but very cute behavior. Even though I brought up you, I was afraid of dogs which are not my pet. One day I met a strange dog on the way home from school. It was not far from my house. But I couldnt move because I was so frightened. I just screamed. Just at that moment you appeared! Although you were smaller than a strange dog, you barked fiercely. The dog ran away fortunately. You saved my life! Im so grateful to you. Now I write about our last day. It was a rainy day. Just as I was leaving home, you come to my side slowly. And you looked up at me. I told you to enter your house in fear of you got soaked in the rain. But you didnt enter your house. Instead, you looked up at me for a long time. Although your behavior was strange, I went to school so that I wouldnt be late. I received a text message from my father that day. The text messages runs thus. Ban-di went to heaven. Please pray for Ban-di. I burst into tears. I remembered your eyes that morning. I felt so sad I couldnt stop crying. It was for the first time that I lost my love ones. I cried my eyes out. So I took an early leave from school and went home. And I eventually absent from school next day. There were so many memories that we made together the tears didnt stop running. Ban-di. How is everything with you in heaven? I still miss you so much. I could never put into words how much I miss you. Even though we lived together almost ten years, it seems to take more than ten years to forget you. No. I cant never forget you. We wont live together any more, I will cherish every moment we have been together. Ban-di! Please take care in haven. I love you so much! from your unforgettable family, Ji-hae. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: We need to protect animals. Post: We need to protect animals. Author: JI-WON 5B HUH Posted Date: November 21, 2010 7:06 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   I like seeing animals in zoo. And I also like to go aquarium and see many kinds of fish or to watch a dolphin show. But I cant keep animals. Because I cannot touch or go near animals, even small. And Im afraid of animals like dogs, chickens, ducks, and so on. Im particularly scared to go near dogs. There was experience about this. When I went my aunts house during Chu-seok, there was a big dog. A dog was kept on a lead. So I tried to go near the dog with my cousin. But I failed because of dogs barking. And there are another experience about dogs. In last summer, I went my friends house to play with her. But there were two dogs, too. And because my friend knew that Im very scared of dogs, she saved me from dogs. So I could enter her home safely. But the problem occurred when I came home. When I came out from her house, like before, she tried to save me from her dogs. But she failed and two dogs surrounded me. And I was too fearful because two dogs reached my legs. In the end, I cried. Like these, Im very scared of dogs. So I hope that Im not scared and I can touch dogs someday. Because Im scared of dogs, not dislike or hate.  And because of fear of animals,  I was indifferent to animals and I dont like chat about animals. By the way, these days I take more interest in animals. After I watched two articles through internet about animal abuse, I changed my mind. One is The death of Maltese, and the other is The Cat, Eun-bi incident. First, The death of Maltese was that after Maltese dog was born, it breed for ten years, because of his owner for making money. Because the owner forced him to breed, Maltese eventually become ill terribly. And the owner left him alone, Maltese was died in the end. And The Cat, Eun-bi incident was similar the story of Maltese. In one efficiency apartment, a woman in twenties hit her cat severely and throw it outside the window. I was very shocked by reading them. And I also feel terrible after watching them. Frankly speaking, I was very angry that people act that. The owner of Maltese was very selfish and greedy. Also it was wrong act that Eun-bis owner teased the cat. Thinking, it is natural that we should not do such acts. And such conducts are unacceptable. But whats the idea of the such acts and why do that? I saw one comment in article. People are the most important than any others. So what is the problem? This comment makes me angry and I felt ashamed as a person. And it does not make sense. Because animals have the rights and it is not important thing that who is more important. And animals are living things, not our toys. And after seeing two articles, I thought carefully about animals rights. I think that animals have the rights. I read in a book that in Korea, differently other nations, there are some people that kill pets or wild animals mercilessly. Nevertheless these people werent punished or were punished lightly for these acts. So some people have no regard for mistreating animals. Therefore we need to prepare bills and protect animals from animal cruelty. And I wish that animal abuse no more occur. Along with this I hope that Im not scared and I can touch animals as soon as possible. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: My lovely pet Pump. Post: My lovely pet Pump. Author: MI-HWA 5B KIM Posted Date: November 21, 2010 2:07 PM Status: Published Overall rating:   My lovely pet Pump. Since I was a child, I loved animals. I thought that animals is very cute. So I wanted to raise animal. But my parents did not like animals. Therefore they refused my request. When I saw dogs and cats, always I wanted to pat dogs and cats. Meanwhile I became a second year in middle school. I went to my friend house, that time I saw a animal. This animal was very cute and tiny. This animal seemed like mouse. My friend introduced her pet. This animal is included species of hamster. Since that time, I dreamed about raising hamster all day. So I pressed my parents. But they refused my request. When I went to home after school, I tried to persuade my parents every day. After all my parents permitted my request. My parents suggested some rules. First I raised hamster and cleaned hamster`s fur. Second I did not bother hamster. Final I paid entire cost about hamster. So I had saved pocket money for a few months. And I brought a hamster. I called my pet Pump. Only I saw the Pump that I felt happy. I had trouble to take care of my pet because I raised pet first and I did not understand what my pet wants. One day I did not know that my pet was hurt. A few days later my hamster walked lame. I was surprised and shocked. Right now I took my hamster to animal hospital. Veterinarian said If this hamster not treated, it walk lame hamster`s whole life. I was so sorry. While we spent a year, we had a happy times. One day, when I went to home after school, I had a strange sensation. So I wanted to go home as fast as I could. When I arrived home, I saw the hamster. The hamster was lying on the bottom. I thought that Pump was sleeping. But Pump groaned with pain. I was embarrassed. I did not know that what I have to do. I took my hamster to animal hospital as fast as I could. Veterinarian said Hamster is tiny and weakly animal. So hamster is susceptible to colds. If hamster catch a cold, hamster can die. I am not sure that this hamster treat completely. I received drug and took my hamster to home. I kept my hamster drugged. And I waited that Pump would get the better of sickness.Suddenly Pump groaned with pain again. Anything to took the pain away from my hamster. Just I could pray for my hamster. But the pray did not work well. My lovely pet died. I cried all day and I could not eat anything. People said Forget the hamster. And you buy any other hams ter. I did not agree their opinion. My pet pump is not the same other hamsters. We spent precious time had delightful memories. I was changed because of this happening. Frankly speaking I do not understand animal rights before I raise my pet. Now I think that animals also have valuable life as people. Sometimes, people think that people have power and strong than animals. So they ignore animal`s right and bully the weak animals. I think that this thought is very wrong. If I did not raised my pet, I do not think animal`s rights. Sometimes I think Pump. Until I miss Pump. Once in a while I think that I want to raise pet. But when Pump died, I was in so much pain and I was so sad. If I raise pet again, Sometime I will see death of pet. Therefore I am little scared. I think that I can not raise any other animal. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: Scare and pity, but animals are our friends. Post: Scare and pity, but animals are our friends. Author: MI-JIN 5B KIM Posted Date: November 21, 2010 10:41 AM Last Modified Date: November 21, 2010 10:52 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   When I think about animals, I feel two emotions. One is scare. The other is pity.     First, Im scared of animals. Especially, dogs. I dont know why Im scared of them. When I was 7 years old, I had been walking along the street nearby my house. At that time, I heard tinkling of a bell. I thought that maybe this sound is bell of dog collar. After a while, I could see a dog. That dog was skinny and had sharp eyes. I was very scared. Because there were just I and dog on the narrow path. So unconsciously I started to run. Then, a dog also started to chase me. I ran fast desperately, as fast as I could. But the dogs speed was very fast. So I was almost bitten by that dog. I barely get out dog by hiding in a neighbors house.     Also, Im scared of cats. Because cats have dreadful eyes. So I cant stare at cats for a long time. And cats are very fast. So cat suddenly appear and disappear in my sight. Besides, cat did not avoid human these days while cat in last days were scared of human and avoided us. When I see picture or TV scene of animal, I say, Oh, what a cute! That animal is very pretty. But if I really meet animal, I feel scary. And my best friend have a pet dog. That dogs name is BOM. BOM is little big but he is very cute. He wag his tail when my friend come back home. That behavior is lovely. So, sometimes I want to have a pet. Therefore I decided to have a pet, hedgehog. I thought that hedgehog is small, cute, pretty and charming. I collected many information about hedgehog like picture, food, lifespan and way to keep them. I eagerly anticipated hedgehog. But when I saw really hedgehog, I was sad. They were very cute and charming as expected. But I was scared of them. So I failed to have a hedgehog.   Second, I feel pity for animals. Especially, abandoned dogs in street and animals that living in zoo. People irresponsibly abandon their pets. So abandoned pets wander around street. They cant bath and eat any food. So they get dirty, have diseases and finally they die. And I feel pity for animals that living in zoo. When I was 10 years old, I went to the zoo for the first time. At that time, I was very excited and I think that animals were cute. But I went to the zoo in middle school student, I wasnt excited. Because animals of zoo have living in cage. So they cant have freedom. And they have hard training for visitor. I feel pity for them.   In 4 years ago, I went to the Thailand. In there, I rode a big elephant on back of elephant. And trainer rode on neck of elephant. Riding elephant was very exciting. But I saw the trainer have a hook and threatened to elephant for prevent people can hurt by elephant running fast or stand up. At that moment, I felt very sad and angry to trainer.   Still, Im scared of animals. But I think human and animals are partners that living together. So I want to try to get rid of my fear to animals. And I hope that trainer can realize their behavior like threatening to elephants is terrible. Besides, I really want pet owners to keep their pets to the end and raise them by loving heart. Because I dont want to see abandoned pets anymore. Finally, I wish have a lovely pet. I will challenge to raise a pet. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: change!!!!! Post: change!!!!! Author: SAE-EUN 5B KIM Posted Date: November 21, 2010 10:36 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   When I read this forum title, I was surprise. Because these days I was interested in animals. Just now, I watched TV program Mens Qualification. This program title is about stray dog. There is one man that dont like dog. The man lives with stray dog. Little by little, the man loves the dog and communicates. After watching this program, I want to grow dog. I want to feel contact between human and pet. In fact, I dont have feeling about dog. But conclusively this program makes me change my viewpoint. I will write my viewpoints change for animals. When I was little girl, I liked animals. And I familiar with animals. Because my grandfather love animals. So my grandfather raised pets, chickens. I went to the grandfathers house, I played with animal. And my grandfather even raised dears. When my grandfather told about raising deer, my family opposed. But my grandfather was stubborn. Finally my family tired and allow that. Then I wanted to know why adult did not like raising deer. Because I was happy, when I listened my grandfather raise deer. Just, I was happy that I have new friend. This mind that I like animals continue to elementary school. When I was elementary school student, I raised rabbit. Shes name is coco. One day, on my way to home, I found old woman that sell chicks. So I wanted to but chicks. So I tell to my friend that buy chick together. My friend agreed my suggest. So I bought one chick. I arrived at home and I call my mom. But my mom didnt like chick. So I felt sad. Because I expected that my mom praises me. But my dad tell me my daughter very good girl, because you can love other animals I was very happy. So I really loved my chick. But my chick died. So I was very sad. My father and I went to there mountain at the back. And we buried chick and prayed for my chick. After this happening, I didnt grow any animals. But I grew animal. When I was elementary school student, I grew rabbit. Shes name is pipi. I was received her friend. In fact my friend grew pipi. But she will transfer to another school. So my friends mom did not agree that grow pipi in new house. So I decided growing pipi. pipi didnt like bath. So I was surprise that rabbit dont like clean. For example pipi always has darkness fur. Because she dindt shower since pipi came my house. pipi was dirty. But I loved her. But pipi escaped house. So I cried two days. So I dont have growing animals. Because I have feared that my pet will die or escape. But I want to grow baby dog now. While I watched TV program, I think many thing. Life that communicate pet is very beautiful. And life with pet doesnt alone. Im happy. Because I am ready to grow pet. In fact, one year ago I dont grow any animals. But I can pet again now. Animal can not tell. So I think that we protect animal and love them. So I dont understand person that throw away their pet. Think about pets hurt. And I think that owner have to have a sense of responsibility. And there were many stray dogs in Korea. This stray dog will die in seven days. So I am very surprise. Because stray dog is very poor dog. So I think that need public policy that more protect stray dog. Tags:   None Reply Quote Mark as Read Thread: I like you and miss you Post: I like you and miss you Author: YOO-NA 5B LEE Posted Date: November 21, 2010 9:07 AM Status: Published Overall rating:   I like you and miss you    Recently, pets have been called companion animal. I think that it is really true.Our family and many my friends are keeping many kinds of pet. Actually, I dont have directly experience like keeping pet or animals. But I have some experience about animals. When I was a kindergartener, my grandmother have a baby dog. Then, I and my cousins went to the grandmother. By that time, baby dog was very cute, lovely and small. So we started to make a dog house with my fathers help. Although we had bad skill, we made the dog house hard. the great part of making the dog house was made by my father. My father nailed the panel and sawed the designed wood panel. I and my cousins also help my father. For example, we was designing the dog house ,carrying wood panel and decorating the completed dog house. After my father completed the dog house, we decorated the dog house with paint, watercolor and several kinds of item. And then we want to give a name to dog. So we really worried. Finally, the name that we thought is beak gu. Beak gu is very common name. We can see this name anywhere country. But our grandmothers dog is very white and cut. So, we think that beak gu is matched well. When we decorated the dog house, we made a notice board. We wrote that this is beak-gus house . Because of making house day is winter, we covered the warm blanket in the dog house. we was very happy to make house. Because we was very very love beak-gu. Happy feeling was filled with my heart. Then, we brought the dog in the dog house. And when we brought the dog in the house, I said to dog that please live happily with my grandmother. I did not know whether the dog was happy or not. But now, I think that the dog liked the house to jump in the dog house that time. Till then, beak-gu is so small. we can hug the beak-gu. After some years left, I couldnt hug the god beak-gu. Beak-gu grew up very fast. So I was very surprised. to speak honestly, I was afraid with our dog beak-gu a little bit. When I went to my grandmothers home, grown beak-gu ran to me. That acting means that playing with me. But it is a little scary to young girl. Now thinking, I am sorry to

Janey’s Dance :: Child Development Short Stories Essays

Janey’s Dance The Doe household is silent, seemingly without life in all its rooms. Yet listening carefully, a faint sound can be heard leaking from the walls of little Janey’s playroom. Moving closer, the tunes of Lamb-Chops sing-a-long cassette tapes become impeccably clear: â€Å"This is the song that never ends . . . â€Å" Peeking inside, not wanting to disturb the natural environment of the 11 month old, we see Janey’s reactions to this â€Å"classic† song. She is standing latched onto her chartreuse play table, bouncing up and down and flailing her right arm in an infant’s rhythmic motion. Her mouth is open in a wide, goofy grin as squeaks of happy sounds are released into the air. She is, in effect, dancing to the rhythm of Lamb Chop. What has contributed to Janey’s behavior? How has she progressed from a sedentary, crying newborn to an active, excited infant? There are a few different ways to interpret this developed behavior, stemming from four distinct theoretical frameworks used in the field of developmental psychology. Each model has its own explanation of Janey’s Lamb-Chop dance and all provide important contributions to a justification of this charming behavior. An examination of the infant’s dance from a biological-maturation perspective focuses on the development of Janey’s physical structures and physiological processes that allow her behavior to take place. This activity should not be expected from a three month old because an infant of that age has not experienced the maturational changes in the body and brain that are necessary to facilitate dancing in it’s earliest manifestations. Human development occurs in a cephalocaudal pattern, thereby beginning in the head and working downward from that point. Coordinated muscle movements of the arms are not apparent until approximately three months of age and the same behavior in the legs usually not witnessed until around nine months. To allow movements to occur, an infant’s bone and muscle structures must develop from the soft, thin, fragile structures they are born with. â€Å"The bones in the hand and wrist are among the first to ossify† (Cole & Cole, 2001, p.

The ENIAC Project: Its Significance in Computer Science and Society Ess

The ENIAC Project: Its Significance in Computer Science and Society â€Å"†¦With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. The most advanced machines have greatly reduced the time required for arriving at solutions to problems which might have required months or days by older procedures. This advance, however, is not adequate for many problems encountered in modern scientific work and the present invention is intended to reduce to seconds such lengthy computations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the ENIAC patent (No. 3,120,606), filed 26 June 1947. When World War II broke out in 1939 the United States was severely technologically disabled. There existed almost nothing in the way of mathematical innovations that had been integrated into military use. Therefore, the government placed great emphasis on the development of electronic technology that could be used in battle. Although it began as a simple computer that would aid the army in computing firing tables for artillery, what eventually was the result was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). Before the ENIAC it took over 20 hours for a skilled mathematician to complete a single computation for a firing situation. When the ENIAC was completed and unveiled to the public on Valentine’s Day in 1946 it could complete such a complex problem in 30 seconds. The ENIAC was used quite often by the military but never contributed any spectacular or necessary data. The main significance of the ENIAC was that it was an incredible achievement in the field of comput er science and can be considered the first digital and per... ...) - â€Å"John W. Mauchly and the Development of the ENIAC Computer.† Penn Library Exhibitions. http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/maucly/jwm6.html (7) - Soulliere, Cynthia. The Women of ENIAC. http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/women/women.htm (8) - Soulliere, Cynthia. The Women of ENIAC. http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/women/women.htm Other Sources Used: Moye, William T. ENIAC: The Army-Sponsored Revolution. ARL Historian, January 1996 Goldstine, Herman H. "Computers at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School." The Jayne Lecture. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol 136, No.1. January 24, 1991 "Past Notable Women of Computing." http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/past-women-cs.html "WITI Hall of Fame." http://www.witi.com/center/witimuseum/halloffame/1997/eniac/php "Why Build Computers?" The Military Role in Computer Research

Summary of Napoleon’s Buttons Chapter 12: Molecules of Witchcraft

Introduction Between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries, many people died by cruel and horrible deaths of buring at the stake, hanging, or being tortured. The estimates of people killed ranged up to the millions which included men, women, children, and even aristocrats as they were accused of witchcraft. Although, poor and elderly women were the ones effected the most from multitudes of paranoia and delusions in those centuries. However, certain molecules played a role in this discrimination that ultimately led millions to their demise.Toil and Trouble Witchcraft, prior to 1350, was regarded as sorcery where one controls nature in their own interest by protecting crops or people and casting spells to influence or provide. It was accepted in Europe and it was only a crime if sorcery was used to harm. Indolent accusations were avoided because people victims of maleficium were able to seek help from a witch and only become liable for penalty if they were unable to prove their case. In all, witchcraft was just part of folklore.A new attitude emerged around the fourteenth century when Christianity was opposed to magic. It only allowed magic sanctioned by the church and not the ones conducted outside since they believed that witches were in league with the devil. The crime of practicing sorcery became so terrible in the eyes of people that by the mid-fifteenth century, there were no more trials for the witches, but accusations were enough evidence to kill. The deeds that people regarded with witches transgressed rationality, but they were still fervently believed.A large percentage of women were accused as witches since it was believed that whenever disaster stuck, people would exclaimed that women have been working together with demons at a witches' gathering. The killings definitely too its toll on both Catholic and Protestant countries as the height of the witch-hunt paranoia left no women in Swiss villages, some regions in Germany had its village population burned. In England and Holland, the accused had to undergo the water test that had them thrown into a pond and if they floated, they were a true which.If they were innocent, it was a comfort to their families, but they still drowned. As the witch-hunt terror gradually faded, the economy was threatened since so many people were accused and killed. When the Age of Enlightenment came, people opposed the madness and the witch-hunts ceased. So, by the eighteenth century, executions for practicing witchcraft came to a halt for the Church and state, but the public weren't ready to give up on the fear of witchcraft that built over the centuries. Although many of the women killed were herbalists who were skilled in using local plants to cure diseases and provide pain relief.They were often relied upon for spells or removal of hexes since some of their herbs had healing powers that would seem magical. Although, using the herbal medicine and prescribing them were dangerous because different pa rts of the plant contain ranging levels of effective compounds, like how plants from different locations can vary in their ability to cure or the different times of year they're harvested would change how much does they contain. Many plants were beneficial, but there were ones that can have poison depending on their molecules.So, the molecules in these plants may yet brand a herbalist as a witch. Healing Herbs, Harmful Herbs Many plants contain were used to relieve pain and prevent illnesses, like the salicylic acid in willow trees were used for aspirin or how the root of the celery were used to prevent muscle cramps. Also, Digitalis was an extract from the common foxglove and its molecules helped in reducing the heart rate and regularize heart rhythm. It strengthens the heartbeat too. The digoxin molecule helps with cardiac glycoside or the heart.For example, in 1795, a British physician named William Withering used the foxglove extracts for treating congestive heart failure. It wa s not until more then a century after that scientists were able to identify the molecule responsible for its curable abilities with cardiac glycoside. Three sugar unitsThe steroid ring system In the Digitalis extract, there are also many other molecules that's similar to digoxin, like the digtoxin molecule. It lacks the OH and similar cardiac glycoside molecules are in other plants that are often members of the lily or ranunculus families.The molecules have the same structural features though,so they're likely resposible for the caridac effect. All have five membered lactone ring that's attached to the end of the steroid system with an extra OH in between the C and D rings of the steroid system. lactone ring extra OH between C and D rings Molecules affecting the heart are not found in plants. Toxin compounds found in animals are similar to the structures of cardiac glycosides found in plants. The molecules don't have sugar or used as heart stimulants, but they are poison and have li ttle medical value.The venom is extracted from amphibians, like the frog or toad that are used as arrow poisons and the common anima attributed with witches since in folklore, it is said that many potions made by witches contained toad parts. Bufotoxin is a molecule that's an active component of venom from the common European toad. It's one of the most toxic molecules with structures showing similarities to the steroid system ring of the digitoxin molecule with same extract OH between the C and D rings. The difference is that it has a six membered lactone ring instead of a five membered. ix-membered lactone ring extra OH between C and D rings Bufotoxin is a cardiac poison and not a cardiac restorative, but in addition to toads and foxglove, another myth about witches was that they were able to fly. Many accused as wtiches confessed to flying and the possible chemical explanation is that it had to do with a group of compounds called alkaloids. Alkaloids, plant compounds, have more th an one nitrogen atoms that's usually part of a ring of carbon atoms. They have had a large effect on human history than any other chemicals and affects the central nervous system in humans.They're highly toxic, but they have been used as medicine for thousands if years. Chemical substances play a role in protecting plants since alkaloids are natural fungicides, insecticide, and pesticides. So, humans ingest about a gram and a half of natural pesticide every day from plants and plant products. This leads to the physiological effects on humans. Although they have been used medicinally for centuries. For example, Acrecaidine, alkaloid found in betel nuts, is used as a stimulant in Africa and the East.Ephedrine, from the ma huang plant, has been used in Chinese herbal medicine and now used as a decongestant and bronchodilator in the West. Members of the vitamin B family include; thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), and niacin (B3). They're classed as alkaloids. Reserpine is used to treat hig h blood pressure and be a tranquilizer from the Indian snakeroot plant. Alkaloids don't just have toxicity, but they're also poisonous too. The hemlock plant, responsible for the death of philosopher Socrates in 399 B. C. , is the alkaloid coniine.Coniine has a simple structure, but highly poisonous than the complicated structure of strychnine from seeds of Asiatic trees. ConiineStrychnine Mandrake and henbane contains very similar alkaloids. The two main types are hyoscyamine and hyoscine, which are found in mandrakes, belladonna, and henbane in various proportions. Atropine is a form of hyoscyamine and is valued for its use in dilute solutions, like to dilate the pupil of the eye for ophthalmic examinations. Although, too much can be unsafe and the first symptom of atropine poisoning is the drying of bodily fluids.So, it is used in areas where there's hypersecretion of mucus or saliva that interferes with surgery. Scopolamine, a hyoscine, is used as an anesthetic. It has euphoric effects like atropine and prevents motion sickness. Difference between the two Scopolamine Neither atropine and scopolamine alkaloids are soluble in water. The â€Å"witches† of Europe knew that swallowing the compounds will lead to death rather than the euphoric, intoxicating sensations they wanted. So, the extracts of mandrake, belladonna, and henbane were dissolved in oils and applied to the skin.Witches also used these salves in regards with flying, although they weren't actually â€Å"flying. † The alkaloids brought on hallucinations which led to the sensations of flying among other things as the comalike sleep happens in the last stage. This temporarily escape from reality from these molecules brought confessions from those women and they were burnt at the stake. The Ergot Alkaloids There is another group of alkaloids that devasted communities with its effects. People attributed the disasters with evil spells casted by witches.They're found in the ergot fungus th at affects cereal grains such as rye. After bacteria and viruses, ergotism is the next-largest microbial killer, like how ergotamine causes blood vessels to constrict or how ergonovine induces abortions in humans. Also, large numbers of villagers most likely attained ergotism since rainy periods would envoke fungus to grow on the rye and poor storage promotes the growth. Most people thought their village was bewitched and blamed innocent women, especially if they don't have symptoms of ergotism.Even though ergotism was known for a long time, the cause being hinted around 600 B. C. from reports as the Assyrians observed â€Å"a noxious pustule in the ear of grain† and ergot alkaloids from â€Å"noxious grasses† caused miscarriages in cattle in 400 B. C. , the first recorded occurrence wasn't until A. D. 857 in Europe. There were periodic outbreaks that occurred up to the twentienth century. For example, ergotism played a role in reducing the effectiveness of Julius Caes ar's army and restricted him from his goals to enlarge the Roman Empire.Initially, ergotism seemed the answered the the Salem witch-hunts. The symptoms of ergot poisoning cannot be stopped, so victims would use that to their advantage and accuse neighbors. So, the suffering of these people and their families can be traced back to ergot molecules. Ergot alkaloids are toxic, but have a history of therapeutic use. For example, they were used to hasten birthds or help with abortions and today they are used to treat migraine headaches, postpartum bleeding, and be stimulants for uterine contractions in childbirth.Ergot alkaloids have the same common chemical feature; they're derivatives lysergic acid. The OH group of lysergic acid is replaced by a larger side group. Replaced OH group Lysergic AcidErgotamine In all, neither the atropine or ergot alkaloids caused witchcraft, but there effects were evidence against many women. In the medieval world, women were killed becaused they had knowle dge on medicinal plants, but it has proven to be helpful in the present-day world as there are many various pharmaceuticals. So, the folklore of the past can be of assistance to treating many conditions and diseases.

Labor and Employment Law

It is the law, which provide legal right, restrictions and control on the workers working at the working place in the organization. The employment law was designed to protect the interest of the workers.Almost all the countries and International Labor Organization prepared it to keep the labors in equal position with the society. It is prepared on the different aspects of labors such as their working place, minimum wage, working time, health and safety, workplace environment etc.Labor and Employment Law, 12th Edition was wrote by the famous labor arbitrator containing chapters on pay equity and age discrimination, disability discrimination ad worker’s compensation laws ad employee privacy.The National Labor Relation Board is designed to provide right to the private sector employees to form their labor union and bargain collectively over wages, hours and working conditions.The NRLB also provide right to an employer to voluntarily recognize a union when card is presented with th e sign of majority of the employees. The employer is authorized to enter into card check agreement with union before collection of signatures. It is mandatory required on the part of employer to assemble signatures from more than majority of bargaining unit employees.The third party may check the authorization cards to judge the limits of the members as provided I the NRLA act. The Board may order to an employer to bargain with union, even when the  Ã‚   union lost secret ballot election.Therefore, from the above points it is clear that card check agreement is replacing the ballot election because it is more economical, more transparent etc. because conduction of secret ballot election is more private affair and confidential and   create more pressure o the employees. I the nutshell, card check recognition may reduce earning inequality, whereas mandatory secret ballot elections may increase it.Reference:Referred to sites:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_and_employment_law/ Em ployment law http://www.workinglife.org/filebin/fol/CRS_may_2005_reportcardcheck.pdf/ Labor union recognition procedures: use of secret ballots and cards checks.